PARNASSiUS. 237 



Parnassius apollo, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 79, no. i (1819); 

 Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lepid. i. p. 395 (1836); Newman, 

 Brit. Butterflies, pp. 175, 176 (1881); Kirby, Eur. But- 

 terflies and Moths, p. 4, pi. 3, figs. 1^-^(1878); Lang, 

 Butterflies Eur. p. 16, pi. 2, fig. i, pi. 4, fig. i (pouch) ; 

 pi. 5, fig. 6 (transf.) (1881); Austaut, Les Parnassiens, pp. 

 86, 193 (1889). 



Ordinary European specimens of this well-known Butterfly 

 measure from 2^ to 3^ inches across the wings, which 

 are white, slightly tinged with yellow. The fore-wings are 

 marked with five black spots, one in the cell, one at its ex- 

 tremity, two or three beyond, and a larger one just beyond 

 the middle of the inner-margin. The base is thickly dusted 

 with black; the hind-margin is semi-transparent, as if var- 

 nished, being covered with fine hair-like scales ; within this 

 is a moderately broad dusky line, more or less distinct. The 

 hind-wings are white, with the inner-margin thickly dusted 

 with black, and clothed with long white hair, and there are 

 two dusky zig-zag sub-marginal stripes. There are also two 

 very conspicuous large red spots in black rings, and generally 

 with whitish centres : one below the costa, towards the base, 

 and one beyond the cell ; towards the latter, a black bar, 

 sometimes marked with red, at least on the under side, runs 

 from the inner margin. On the under side there is an addi- 

 tional row of red spots, bordered with black externally, at the 

 base. The body is black with white hairs above, and yellowish 

 beneath ; the antennae are black, ringed with white, with a black 

 ovoid club. 



The larva is velvety-black, with two rows of deep orange 

 spots on each side; the incisions are glossed with blue, and 

 the whole body is clothed with short black hair. It feeds on 

 the Orpine (Seduui telephiuui] and on various other species of 

 saxifrages, &c. 



