PARNASSIUS. 239 



wings, and some blackish markings towards the inner margin of 

 the hind-wings. The club of the antennae is very long, and 

 gradually formed, and this species and its allies will certainly be 

 separated as a distinct genus by future entomologists. 



The foreign species of Parnassius are usually very similar to 

 the red-spotted European ones ; and, as already mentioned, one 

 or two are found in the Rocky Mountains and California. At 

 the other end of their range they do not cross the Mediterranean 

 though they are found in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Armenia ; 

 but in Central Asia they are very numerous. Some species, 

 such as P. stubbendorfii, Menetries, which is found in the Altai, 

 are almost entirely white, without red, and even without black 

 spots; others, such as P. eversmanni, Menetries, from East 

 Siberia and Alaska, are yellow, at least in the male ; for the white 

 P. wosnesenskit, Menetries, is believed to be the female. Most 

 of the species, however, resemble P. apollo and P. delius so 

 much, that one description, unless detailed, would fit them all ; 

 some, however, such as P. apollonius, Eversmann, which 

 frequents salt-marshes in Central Asia, have a row of three 

 or more red or yellow spots on each wing. Two of the 

 Indian species may be noticed : P. charltonius. Gray, a scarce 

 species, as large as P. apollo, found at a great elevation, which 

 has a row of sub-marginal black spots, with blue pupils, on the 

 hind-wings beyond the two large red eyes : and P. hardwickii, 

 Gray, a much smaller and commoner species, hardly reaching 

 two inches in expanse, which is similarly marked, but the red 

 spots are smaller in proportion, and there are, moreover, red 

 spots on the fore-wings as well. 



There are two other small genera of this Sub-family besides 

 Parnassius. Doritis, Fabricius, is distinguished by the five- 

 branched sub-costal nervure of the fore-wings. D. apollina 

 (Herbst) measures about two inches across the wings, which 

 are semi-transparent yellowish-grey (whiter on the fore-wings in 



