246 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



the male), with two very large black spots on the fore-wings, 

 one in, and one at the end of the cell, and the hind- wings have 

 a sub-marginal row of black eyes with blue pupils, marked 

 within by a row of red spots. The larva feeds on Aristolochia, 

 and the pupa is found under moss and stones. The Butterfly 

 appears from January to March in Asia Minor and Syria. It 

 has also been reported to occur in European Turkey and in 

 some of the Greek Islands. 



Hyptrmntstra, Heydenreich, has the sub-costal nervure of 

 the fore-wings four-branched, as in Parnassius^ but the upper 

 disco cellular nervule is well marked, the upper radial nervule 

 rising from the discoidal cell, and not from the sub-costal, as 

 in the preceding genera. The type, H. helios (Nickerl) is com- 

 mon on the steppes of Turkestan and North Persia, and the pupa 

 is said to bury itself deep in the ground. The Butterfly measures 

 about one and a half inches across the wings, which are of a yel- 

 lowish-white, with black spots arranged nearly as in Parnassius^ 

 the two beyond the cell on the fore-wings marked with red; the 

 hind-wings are marbled with green beneath, which gives the 

 insect somewhat the appearance of a Pontia. 



These two genera have no horny pouch in the female, as in 

 Parnassius ; but we may notice two outlying genera which pos- 

 sess it, though Schatz includes them in the Equitina^ because 

 they have a crbss-nervule near the base on the fore-wings be- 

 tween the median and sub-median nervures, and one on the 

 hind-wings between the costal and sub-costal nervures. The 

 sub-costal nervure of the fore-wings is five-branched in both 

 genera. 



Eurycus, Boisduval, is a small genus, including one or two 

 species from Australia and New Guinea. The type, E. cressida 

 (Fabricius), is common in Australia, and is remarkable for the 

 dissimilarity of the sexes. It averages about three inches in 

 expanse, the female being rather smaller than the male. This 



