246 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



Litehdorfict) Criiger, may be structurally distinguished from 

 Thais by the presence of a short upper disco-cellular nervule 

 (which is absent in Thais) on the fore-wings, and the much 

 shorter middle disco-cellular. The species are confined to North 

 China, including the Amur district and Japan, and are larger 

 than Thais, usually expanding more than two inches across 

 the wings. The fore-wings are more triangular, and the hind- 

 wings sub-caudate. The species are of an ochreous-yellow, with 

 alternating longer or shorter bands running from the costa of 

 the fore-wings, some of the longer ones extending to the costal 

 region of the hind-wings. The latter have a row of red spots 

 towards the hind-margins beneath, though on the upper surface 

 there is sometimes only a large red blotch towards the anal 

 angle. Outside this is a black band, marked with a row of 

 blue spots, beyond which is a sub-marginal row of ochreous 

 spots, sometimes tinged with reddish, the incisions being also 

 marked with ochreous. At the end of the upper median 

 nervule is a short tail. The larva is black, with yellow spots 

 and incisions, and the pupa more resembles that of Achivus 

 machaon in form than that of Thais. 



The genus Sericinus, Westwood, inhabits the same localities 

 as Luehdorfia^ but its range is less extensive, as it is unknown 

 in Japan. There are a cluster of closely-allied forms, which 

 some writers consider to be distinct, while others consider 

 them all to be varieties of S. telamon (Donovan). They are 

 white or yellowish-white Butterflies, measuring from two to two 

 and a half inches across the wings. The latter are more or 

 less banded, and spotted with black, and are sometimes 

 marked with one or more small red spots. Towards the anal 

 angle of the hind-wings is a red band, narrowly edged inside 

 with black, and outside broadly with black, spotted with blue. 

 In the female the black bands often expand and anastomose 

 to such an extent as to cover a large portion of the wings, 



