268 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



Schrank's work in the most capricious manner, even while 

 quoting it, arbitrarily transferred the name Papilio to Eques ; 

 and in this sense Papilio (the real type of which Dr. Scudder, 

 with apparent reason, argues to be Vanessa antiopd)* has since 

 been used. for the bulk of the Linnean Equites. Boisduval 

 shrank from sub-dividing this vast mass of species into genera, 

 and contented himself with dividing it into groups ; and in this 

 he has been followed by Felder, Oberthiir, Distant, Godman 

 and Salvin, Schatz, and other writers. Hiibner, however, divided 

 the few species known to him into genera, and among recent 

 authors, Moore and Scudder have done the same for Indian 

 and North American species ; and in this they have been fol- 

 lowed by some few writers who have dealt with the Lepidop- 

 tera of those countries. Under these circumstances, I think 

 it will be most useful to enumerate the principal groups of 

 Latreille's genus Papilio under the names which have been as- 

 signed to any of them, with a brief sketch of their most obvious 

 characteristics. It must be noted that although Boisduval did 

 not indicate any characters for his groups of Papilio, definite 

 characters were assigned by Felder to the various sections into 

 which he divided the genus, and his essay still remains the 

 most comprehensive summary of the whole series of species.f 

 We commence by giving the most important references to 

 Papilio as used by Latreille and his followers. 



* See Scudder's '-'Historical Sketch of the Names Proposed for Butter- 

 flies," pp. 238-240. It is true that in his "Butterflies of the Eastern United 

 States " he has accepted Papilio in the usual sense, and has proposed the 

 new genus E^lvanessa for Papilio anliopa, Linn. ; but he does so under 

 protest, and apparently in ignorance of Barbut's genus, Achivus. 



f Since the above remarks were written, the Hon. W. Rothschild has 

 published " A Revision of the Papilios of the Eastern Hemisphere, exclusive 

 of Africa" (" Novitates Zoologicae," ii. pp. 167-463) Here he divides the 

 genus into groups, but does not give generic names. Although convinced 

 that the various sections recognised in the present volume, in addition to 

 many others not specified, should have generic titles, I have refrained from 

 naming the new genera, as Mr. Rothschild is working out the group. 



