ACHIVUS. 287 



we except the Purple Emperor, which sometimes equals small 

 specimens of A. machaon in size. The wings areyellow and black, 

 dusted with yellow ; the fore-wings are strongly arched, rather 

 pointed at the tip, with the hind-margin oblique, and the hind- 

 wings are not very strongly dentated, but have a long pointed tail 

 at the end of the upper median nervule. On the fore-wings, 

 the base and hind-margin are broadly black, dusted with yellow, 

 the latter divided by a row of long yellow spots. The nervures 

 are broadly black, especially towards the costa, and there are 

 transverse black streaks in and at the end of the cell. The hind- 

 wings are black along the inner-margin for the greater part of 

 its length, and have a black curve at the end of the cell ; the 

 border is broadly black with the incisions yellow, and a sub-mar- 

 ginal row of yellow lunules, within which is a row of ill-defined 

 spots of blue dusting. At the anal angle is a large round red 

 spot, with a blue crescent above, and a triangular blue spot 

 below, and enclosed by a black ring incomplete below. 



The full-grown larva (vol. i. pi. 3, fig. i) has the front seg- 

 ments somewhat thickened; it is of a yellowish-green, with 

 black incisions and a black band, spotted with orange, on each 

 segment ; the sides are also streaked and spotted with black, 

 and the spinacles are yellow ; the head is yellow, with black 

 markings, and the retractile fork on the neck is red. The early 

 stages are extremely interesting, as they much resemble those 

 of the adult larva in Ornithoptera, &c. The newly-hatched 

 larva is black, with the incisions dark green, and the seventh 

 and eighth segments creamy-white. It has two rows of pale 

 pink tubercles on each side, which afterwards turn black. 

 After the first moult, the tubercles on the white patch become 

 tipped with black, and after the second moult the orange spots 

 begin to appear ; but the fleshy tubercles are not lost till after 

 the fourth moult. The pupa is green, with a streak of yellow 

 along each side, and an irregular row of yellow spots on the 



