PLETHODONTID^E. LXXXIII. 193 



| Premaxillaries united; color yellow or red, spotted or striped. 



SPELERPES, 3. 



\\ Premaxillaries 2 ; color purplish gray or salmon color, un- 

 spotted. . GYRINOPHILUS, 4. 



/. HEMIDACTYLIUM, Tschudi. FOUR -TOED SALA- 

 MANDERS. 



1. H. scutafum, (Schl.) Tsch. FOUR- TOED SALAMAN- 

 DER. Ashy brown above; snout yellow; silvery below, 

 with dots like ink spots; tail slender, nearly twice the 

 length of the body; head blunt. R. I. to Ills., and S. 

 (S. melanosticta, Gibbes.) 



2. PLETHODQN, Tschudi. PLETHODONTS. 



1. P. erythronotus, (Green) Baird. RED -BACKED 

 SALAMANDER. Plumbeous above, often with a broad 

 red dorsal band; belly marbled; body very slender; tail 

 cylindric; inner toes rudimentary; costal folds 16 to 19. 

 E. U. S., common. \JP. cinereus, (Green) Cope, variety 

 without red dorsal band.] 



2. P. glutinosus, (Green) Baird. VISCID SALAMAN- 

 DER. Black, usually with gray lateral blotches and 

 smaller dorsal spots; stout; tail rounded; inner toes well 

 developed. E. U. S., chiefly terrestrial, like the pre- 

 ceding. 



3. SPELERPES, Rafinesque. CAVE SALAMANDERS. 



1. S. bilineatus, (Green) Baird. Two - STRIPED SALA- 

 MANDER. Yellow with a dark line along each side of 

 the back; belly unspotted; tail not keeled; costal folds 

 14; small. Maine to Wis. and S. 



2. S. longicaudus, (Green) Baird. CAVE SALAMANDER. 

 Lemon yellow; sides with many small black spots; a 

 median dorsal series; belly spotless; tail keeled, very 



9 



