FISHES. 205 



bb. No teeth on the voiner ; anal spines 1 or 2 ; lateral 

 line usually running up on the caudal fin. 



SCI^ENID^E, 94. 

 aa. Edges of opercular bones entire. 



/. Scales well developed, not enlarged along lateral line ; 

 chin often with barbels; no free spines. 



Sdan&da^ the Maigres. 

 ff. Scales minute ; no barbels. 



g. Body more or less compressed and elevated ; scales 



sometimes enlarged along lateral line ; usually 



2 free anal spines. Carangida, the Pilot Fishes. 



gg. Body long and low; no free spines nor lateral 



shields Gobiida;, the Gobies. 



ft Body entirely scaleless. 

 h. Body more or less depressed ; eyes high up on the broad 



head ; caudal usually rounded. 



i. Dorsal with 4 spines; ventrals jugular 1,5; mouth 

 vertical. . . Umnoscopidce, the Star Gazers, 

 ii. Dorsal with 3 spines; ventrals jugular 1,2; mouth 

 broad, with conical teeth. 



Batmchidw, the Toad Fishes. 



iii. Dorsal spines 6 or more; ventrals thoracic; cheeks 

 mailed (i. e., the sub -orbital bone extending back- 

 ward over the cheek, articulating with the pre- 

 opercle). 



Spinous dorsal shortest, its middle rays . highest ; 



head without barbels. . . COTTID.E, 95. 



Spinous dorsal longest, notched, its first rays highest ; 



head with many flesh}- slips. 



1I< ndtripteridw, the Sea Havens. 



hh. Body greatly compressed; the eyes lateral or anterior; 

 tins often filamentous; tail usually slender, the caudal 

 fin widely forked. 



j. A series of bony shields along base of second dorsal. 



Zem'dce, the John, Dories, 

 jj. Xo bony shields ; usually two free anal spines. 



Carangidce, the Pilot Fishes 



