PRECIPITATION, FILTRATION, AND DISTILLATION 141 



is called the distillate. For purposes of illustration, liquids 

 may be distilled in a florence flask closed by a stopper through 

 which extends a glass tube. The vapor driven off through the 



FIG. 47. How to fold a filter paper. 



tube may be condensed by being directed against a bottle of 

 cold water or caught in a test-tube immersed in water. A 

 large number of the fragrant oils used in medicine and the arts 



48. Apparatus for distilling in the laboratory. 

 Turton.) 



(Tower, Smith and 



are obtained by distillation. In the same way, alcohol is 

 derived from liquids containing it. When liquids with dif- 

 ferent boiling points are mixed together, they may be recovered 

 separately by regulating the temperature of the mixture. The 



