460 GUN-COTTON AND NITRO-CELLULOSES. 



The latter had as gravimetric density, 0'416. 

 Density taken with mercury, 0'944. 



The substance gave 7300 granules to the gramme. It is a3 

 sensitive to shock as black powder, keeps well, decomposes 

 towards 174. It gives a light smoke which dissipates rapidly. 



This powder has been much used for sporting purposes. 



7. GUN-COTTON AND CHLORATE. 



1. Some data may now be given regarding this mixture, the use 

 of which, however, has been abandoned owing to the dangerous 

 character of the chlorate powders. 



2. The complete combustion corresponds with the following 

 equations : 



e] + 41KC10 3 = 144C0 2 + 87H 2 + 33N 2 



+ 41KC1. 



It corresponds to the proportions, 1143 grms. of gun-cotton and 

 838 grms. of chlorate ; in all, 1981 grms. ; or, for 1 kgm. of the 

 mixture, 577 grms. of gun-cotton and 423 grms. of chlorate. 



3. It liberates 2708 Cal., the water being liquid, 1 and 2563 

 Cal., the water being gaseous ; or, for 1 kgm., 1367 Cal. (water 

 liquid), or 1294 Cal. (water gaseous), figures which are some- 

 what higher than those for pure gun-cotton, but the volume of 

 the gases is far less. 



4. The volume of the reduced gases is 978*6 litres (water 

 gaseous), or 653 litres (water liquid) ; or, for 1 kgm., 484-5 litres 

 (gaseous water), or 323*5 litres (liquid water), figures lower by 

 half than those for pure gun-cotton. They are likewise less 

 than those for gun-cotton mixed with ammonium nitrate. 



* m, . 323-5 atm. ... 



5. The permanent pressure is , provided n be large 



enough for the carbonic acid not to be liquefied. 



a rru 4.U . i - 13175 atm ' 



6. The theoretical pressure is . 



n O'Oo 



This number is less by a third than that for pure gun-cotton, 

 and by an eighth than that for gun-cotton mixed with 

 ammonium nitrate. The smallness of the gaseous volume 

 would enable this inferiority to be anticipated. Gun-cotton 

 mixed with potassium nitrate would alone yield volumes of 

 nearly equal magnitude. Hence it will be seen that chlorated 

 gun-cotton does not present, from the point of view of strength, 

 the same advantages over the other varieties of gun-cotton, 

 which have often been attributed to the chlorate powders. When 

 we add that it is much more sensitive to shocks and friction, 

 and therefore much more dangerous, it will be easy to understand 

 the reasons which have led to the use of it being given up. 

 1 Neglecting the action of this water on the potassium chloride. 



