104 LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



a number of sm;ill angular hard seeds which answer perfectly the purpose of 

 llic gravel. 



"To illustrate the importance of this shrub in this regard, 1 append a table 

 of observations on the contents of crops and gizzards of Grouse killed during 

 the various months as indicated: 



January Rose-hips, browse, and Esquisetum tops. 



February Rose-hips and browse. 



March Rose-hips and browse. 



April Rose-hips and browse of birch and willow. 



May Rose-hips and sand-flowers (Anemone patens). 



June Rose-hips, grass, grasshoppers, and Proconia costalis. 



July Rose-hips, seeds of star-grass, and P. costalis. 



August Rose-hips, grass, strawberries, and P. costalis. 



September Rose-hips, grass, berries, and P. costalis. 



October Rose-hips, grass, and various berries. 



November Rose-hips, birch and willow browse, and berries of arbutus. 



December Rose-hips, juniper berries, and browse. 



"This is of course a mere list of staples, as in reality nothing of the nature 

 of grain, fruit, leaves, or insects comes amiss to this nearly omnivorous bird, but 

 it illustrates the importance of the rose-hips, which are always obtainable, as 

 they grow everywhere, and do not fall when ripe. In the course of my expe- 

 rience I have examined some hundreds of gizzards of the Prairie Chicken, and 

 do not recollect ever finding one devoid of the stony seeds of the wild rose 



"After the disappearance of the snow, and the coming of wanner weather, 

 the chickens meet every morning at gray dawn in companies of from six to 

 twenty, on some selected hillock or knoll, and indulge in what is called 'the 

 dance.' This performance I have often watched, and it presents the most 

 amusing spectacle I have yet witnessed in bird life. At first the birds may 

 be seen standing about in ordinary attitudes, when suddenly one of them 

 lowers its head, spreads out its wings nearly horizontally and its tail perpen- 

 dicularly, distends its air sacs and erects its feathers, then rashes across the 

 'floor,' taking the shortest of steps, but stamping its feet so hard and rapidly, 

 that the sound is like that of a kettledrum; at the same time it utters a sort 

 of bubbling crow, which seems to come from the air sacs, beats the air with 

 its wings and vibrates its tail, so that it produces a loud, rustling noise, and 

 thus contrives at once to make as extraordinary a spectacle of itself as pos- 

 sible. As soon as one commences, all join in, rattling, stamping, drumming, 

 crowing, and dancing together furiously, louder and louder the noise, faster 

 and faster the dance becomes, until at last as they madly whirl about, the 

 birds leap over each other in their excitement. After a brief spell the energy 

 of the dancers begins to abate, and shortly afterward they cease, and stand 

 or move about very quietly, until they are again started by one of their num- 

 ber leading off. 



"The whole performance reminds one so strongly of a 'Cree dance' as to 

 suggest the possibility of its being the prototype of the Indian exercise. The 



