32 Life and Letters of Frarwis Galton 



type, even among mankind, can be relatively easily reached by selection 

 and intermarriage, he has only to study the history of the Society of 

 Friends. Great businesses were established by them, and the banking 

 interests of the country were largely in their hands. We are concerned 

 here only with their energy, persistence and industry. They did not 

 apparently always follow the highest dictates of their faith. While 

 in Yorkshire members of the Society were ejected, because they had 

 shares in merchant vessels which carried a gun to protect them against 

 privateers, the Galtons and Farmers set up a gun-factory in Birming- 

 ham which supplied large quantities of muskets to the Government. 

 But the business had much wider ramifications ; there were large 

 transactions in Lisbon, and on one occasion 54,000 of slaves were 

 handled in America 1 . Ultimately in the time of Samuel and Tertius 

 Galton it developed in association with the Farmers into a banking 

 enterprise. Generally with the Galtons as with others we pass from 

 the country to retail trading in the towns, then to large mercantile 

 concerns built up under the new conditions of industry, where the 

 Quaker characteristics produced their full return. 



Let us look a little into some of these other Quaker ancestors 

 of Francis Galton. The Freames spring from Robert Freame of 

 Cirencester 2 . The pedigree illustrates the three stages, yeomanry, town 

 traders, and ultimately mercantile houses. Thus the brothers Robert 

 and John of Aldgate were grocers, but John was a goldsmith as well. 

 John Freame of Bushhill, Edmonton, married Priscilla Gould, and his 

 sister Hannah married Thomas Gould, probably her brother. Of 

 Robert Freame's children by his first wife the most interesting is 

 Thomas, who went to Philadelphia. He married in 1725 Margaret 

 Penn daughter of William Penn by his second wife Hannah Callowhill 

 of Bristol and their daughter, Philadelphia Hannah Freame, became 

 Viscountess Cremorne. It was into the business of the Freames, and 

 indeed into their very household, that David Barclay of Ury came, 

 when he walked up to London. Like the apprentice of romance, 



1 On the other hand David Barclay of Youngsbury, Tertius Galton's great-uncle, 

 who had come into the possession of 10,000 of slaves for a business debt, carried 

 them to New York, taught them crafts and then, when they could maintain themselves, 

 emancipated them. This David Barclay (see Plate XXII) was one of the finest 

 characters of his time, a true humanitarian and a worthy descendant of the Apologist. 



I think this Robert may be the son of Richard Freme (? Freame), mayor of 

 Gloucester, whose pedigree can be further followed in Harleian Publications, Vol. xxi. 



