SECT. I 



CRYPTOGAMS 



4n5 



The long silky brown hairs from the base of the leaf-stalks of various Tree- 

 Ferns, especially Cibotiuni Bavometz, and other species of this genus, in the East 

 Indies and the Pacific Islands, are used as a styptic (Penawar, Djambi, Pulu). 



Order 2. Hydropterideae (Water-Ferns) ('•'^) 



The Water-Ferus include only a few genera, which are more or less aquatic in 

 habit, growing either in water or marshy places. They are all heterosporous. 

 The macro- and iiiicrosporangia do not develop, like those of the Filices, on the 

 under side of the leaves, but are enclosed in special receptacles at their base, 

 constituting sporangial fructifications or sporocarps. The wall of the sporangium, 

 which consists of a single layer of cells, has no annulus. 



A B 



Fic. 402. — A, Mni-iiilia q)iailrifolUi1n. r/, Young leaf ; .<;, sporocarps. B, rHiihiria gJohiiUfern. 

 s, sporocarp. (After Bischoff, rertuceil.) 



The Water-Ferns are divided into two families : Mnrsiliaeeac, including three 

 genera, and Salviniaceac , with two genera. 



To the Marsiliaceae belongs the genus Marsilia, of which the European M. 

 quadrifoliata (Fig. 402, A) may be taken as an example. This species grows in 

 marshy meadows, and has a slender, creeping, branched axis, bearing at intervals 

 single leaves. Each leaf has a long erect petiole, surmounted by a compound 

 lamina composed of two ]>airs of leaflets inserted in close proximity. The stalked 

 oval sporocarps (5) are formed in pairs above the base of the leaf-stalk, or in other 

 species they are more numerous. Each of them corresponds in development to the 

 quadripinnate sterile lamina, but is not divided into pinnte. The young leaves, 

 as in the Filices, are circinate. 



