486 



BOTANY 



PART II 



pendulous, horizontal, or oblique to the longer axis (Figs. 434, 435). 

 In anatropous ovules the raphe is said to be ventral when it is turned 

 towards the ventral side of the carpel, and dorsal if towards the 

 dorsal side of the carpel. 



The difierences in the form of the floral axis, which involve changes 



Fig. 434.— Ovaries containing basal ovules 

 shown in longitudinal section. A, Faija- 

 pyruinesculentum(atTOi)Ous); B, Armerla 

 mariti'ma (anatropous). (After Du- 



CHARTRE. X 20.) 



Fio. 435, — Ovary of Coniiim uianilatum vi'ith 

 pendulous ovules, in longitudinal section. 

 Baphe ventral. (After Tschirch-Osterle.) 



in the position of the gynaeceum, lead to differences in the form of 

 the flower itself. Some of the commonest cases are diagrammatically 

 represented in Fig. 436 A-C. The summit of the floral axis is usually 

 thicker than the stalk-like portion below ; it is often widened out 

 and projecting, or it may be depressed and form a cavity. If the 

 whorls of members of the flower are situated above one another on a 

 simple, conical axis the gynaeceum forms the uppermost whorl 



A 



B 



S' 



C 



Fk!. 4.S6. — Diagram of (.() hypogynous, (/?, B') perigynous, and (C) epigynous flowers. 



AND IS SPOKEN OF AS SUPERIOR, WHILE THE FLOWER IS TERMED 



HYPOfiYNOUS (Fig.s. 437, 438). If, however, the end of the axis is 

 expanded into a flat or cup-shaped receptacle (hypanthium), an interval 

 thus separating the androecium and gynaeceum, the flower is termed 

 PERKiYNOUS (Fig. 438, 2). When the concave floral axis, the margin 

 of which bears the androecium, becomes adherent to the gynaeceum, 



