SECT. II 



PHANEROGAMIA 



519 



pod, which differs from the follicle in dehiscing by both ventral 

 and dorsal sutures, e.g. Cytisus Lahirnurn (Fig. 64 G) : The SILIQUA 

 consists of two carpels and typically dehisces at maturity by their 

 separation from a false septum lying in the plane of the sutures. The 

 fruit of the Cruciferae, e.g. Cheiranthus Cheiri (Fig. 582), is of this 



Flo. 487. — Dry iiulehiscent fruits. A, Nut of Fumaria 

 officinalis (x 0). L, Achene of Faijopynim esculeyitum 

 (X 2). (After Duchartre.) 



Fig. 488. — Schizocarp of Galium 

 mollmjo. (After Duchartre, 

 X 6.) 



nature. The pyxidium opens by the removal of a lid, e.g. Anagallis 

 (Fig. 486 D, E). 



2. Dry indehiscent fruits have a dry pericarp which does 

 not open at maturity. Those with a hard pericarp are termed NUTS. 



An iudehiscent fruit containing one seed, the coat of which is adherent to tlie 

 leathery pericarp, is known as a CARYOPSis {e.g. Grasses). When the seed is 



Fio. 489. — Fruit of Physnlis alkekengi, 

 consisting of the persistent calyx 

 s, surrounding the berry /r, deriveii 

 from tlie ovary. (After Duchartre.) 



* B 



Fig. 490. — Fruit of i^osa ctZta, consisting of tlie fleshy 

 hollowed axis s', the persistent sepals s, and the 

 carpels /r. The stamens c have withered. (After 

 Duchartre.) 



distinct from the pericarp, as in the Compositae, Polygonaceae, etc., it is termed 

 an ACHENE (Fig. 487). 



3. When a dry fruit, consisting of several carpels, separates at 

 maturity into its partial fruits without the latter opening, it is 

 termed a schizocarp {e.g. Umbelliferae, Alalva, Galium, Fig. 488). 



