SECT. II 



PHANEROGAMIA 



559 



beaks. The root on germination forms an expanded, attaching disc. From the 

 centre of this a sncker, which has no root-cap, penetrates the rind of the branch 

 as far as the wood. From the base of this sucker lateral roots arise, which grow in 

 the rind, giving off secondary suckers. As the wood of the host grows in thickness 

 year by j'ear, the tips of the suckers become embedded in the new wood. Their 

 tips become converted into permanent tissue, while further growth in length is 

 effected by a zone corresponding in position to the cambium of the host plant. 

 Species of StriUhantus and Phf/iirusa from Venezuela have caoutchouc in their 

 fruits in place of the layers of viscin present in Viscum ("^<'). 



Fig. 534.— I'i>!(m cdhinn. With flower.s and fruits. (^ iiat. size.) 



Family 3. Balanophoraceae (-^^y. Total parasites, without green leaves. Natives 



of the tropics of both hemispheres. Species of Balanophora and of other genera 

 are apogamous. 



Order 7. Piperinae 



The single Family of the Piperaeeae contains a few tropical genera. 

 Flowers as a rule unisexual and without perianth, associated in spikes ; 

 typically trimerous but usually reduced. Ovary unilocular, ovule 

 solitary, basal and atropous. Fruit drupe -like. The embryo is 

 embedded in a small end<'Sperm surrounded by a Avell-developed 

 perisperm. The vascular bundles are scattered in the cross-section 



