SECT. II 



PHANEROGAMIA 



605 



sequently applied to the latter. Citrus nobilis, the Mandarin, is also of Chinese 

 origin. 



Official. — Citrus Aurantium, var. Bigaradia, yields aueantii coutex 



SICCATUS, AURANTII CORTEX RECENS, and AQUA AURANTII FLORIS. CitrUS medictt, 



var. limonum, gives limonis cortex, and limonis succus. Buchu folia are 

 obtained from Barosma behtlina. Cuspaiuae cortex from Cusparia fehrifuga. 

 Jaborandi folia from Pilocarpus jaborandi, a tree-like shrub with large, impari- 

 pinnate leaves, native of Eastern Brazil. 



Family 9. Simarubaceae. — K5, 5, A 5 + 5, G5. Carpels free. No oil 

 glands. Contain bitter principles. Distributed in all tropical countries— especially 

 American. 



Official. — Quassiae lignum from Picrasma excclsa (West Indies) and Quassia 

 ainara (Surinam). The latter (Fig. 609) is a small tree with beautiful leaves and 

 showy flowers. 



Family 10. Burseraceae. — "Woody plants with resin passages. Fruit, a drupe. 

 Tropical. CommipJwra ahyssinica and C. ScJiimperi are trees found in Arabian East 

 Africa. Boswellia Carteri and B. Bhau Dajianac are small trees (™) from the same 

 region which yield olibanum. Canarium. 



Official. — Myrrha, Myrrh, from Balsamodendron Myrrha and other species. 



Family 11. Polygalaceae. — Herbs or shrubs with small simple leaves and 

 dorsiventral flowers. K 5, C -3, A (8), G (2). The two lateral sepals are petaloid. 

 Three petals, the lowest of which forms a keel. Stamens 8, coherent into a tube. 

 Anthers opening by pores. Ovary bilocular, formed of two carpels ; a single ovule 

 in each loculus (Figs. 610-612). The Polygalaceae are widely distributed and are 

 wanting only in New Zealand, Polynesia, and in Arctic America and Asia. Polygala 

 chamaebuxus is a small shrubby plant occurring in the Alps. P. vulgaris and 

 P. amara occur in Britain. 



Official. — Polygala Senega (North America) yields senegae radix. 



Order 16. Sapindinae 



This order includes trees and shrubs of very diff"erent appearance, with cylic 

 flowers. Tlie latter exhibit reduction in the perianth, androecium, and gynaeceum. 



Fig. (J13. — Floral diagram of II/'x (i/itiifoUum. 

 (After EicnLER.) 



Fig. 014.— Floral diagram of Euonymus 

 europaea. (After Eichlee.) 



One or two ovules are contained in each chamber of the ovary ; when the ovules 

 are erect the raphe is ventral, when they are pendulous it is dorsal. 



Family 1. Anacardiaceae. — Distributed in the tropics and warm temperate 

 regions. Ovary of 1-3 carpels. Fruit usually a one-seeded drupe. Schizogenous 

 resin passages. Matujifera indica (*') an important fruit tree of the tropics. 

 Species of Phus yield japan lacquer. li. toxicodendron, a North American climbing 



