SECT. II 



PHAXEROGAMIA 



623 



curved carpel, so that the anthers and stigma project together. The fruit is 

 peculiar. The pericarp is dift'erentiated into an outer brittle exocarp, a succulent 

 raesocarp, and a firm endocarp consisting of stone-cells investing the more or less 

 numerous seeds individually (Fig. 638). The almost imperceptibly dorsiventral 

 flowers of Copaifcra (Fig. 639) have no corolla ; the four sepals are succeeded by 

 8-10 free stamens. The fruit is one-seeded but opens when ripe. The seed is 

 invested on one side by a succulent, irregularly limited arillus. None of the 

 Caesalpiniaceae are British. Cercis siliquastrum from the Mediterranean region, 

 which bears its flowers on the old woody 

 stems (cauliflorous) (Fig. 635 A), and 

 Gleditschia triacanthos (N. Am.) are 

 sometimes cultivated as ornamental 

 plants in gardens and Ceratonia siliqua 

 in the cool greenhouse. 



Official. — Senna indica, the 

 pinnae of Cassia angustifolia (Trojj. East 

 Africa and Arabia, cultivated at Tinne- 

 velly in Southern India) ; senna alex- 

 ANDiiiNA fi-om C. acutifolia ; C'assia^ 

 fistula (Trop. Am. ) yields cassiae pulpa ; 

 COPAIBA is obtained from Go^Ktifera 



Fio. 044. — Mijroxylun rereiiTM. See Text. (En- 

 larged. After Bero and Schmidt.) Official. 



Fig. 645. — FmM oi ilyrnxylun Pereim 

 (gnat. size). Offhial. 



Langsclorfii and other species ; tamaiundus from the succulent mesoearp of 

 Tamarindus indica; haematoxyli lignum, the heart -wood of Raematoxylou 

 campecManum (Trop. Am.) ; kramepjae radix from Krameria triandra, a shrub 

 growing in the Cordilleras. Flowers atypical ; the sepals brightly coloured 

 within ; the corolla small. Three stamens opening by pores at the summit. 

 Fruit spherical, pricklj'. Leaves simple, silvery white (Fig. 640). 



Family 3. Papilionaeeae. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees with, as a 

 rule, imparipinnate leaves. Flowers always markedly zygomorphic. 

 Calyx of five sepals. Corolla of five petals, papilionaceous, with 

 descending imbricate aestivation (Fig. 641). Stamens 10; filaments 

 either all coherent into a tu])u surrounding the pistil, or the posterior 

 stamen is free. Seeds with a cui'ved embryo. 



