638 



BOTANY 



PART II 



loug been cultivated (Fig. 662) ; leaves bipiunate, the lowest pinnae resembling 

 stipules. The large lower pinnules are usually placed horizontally on the vertical 

 rliachis of the leaf; the terminal pinnules are simple and linear. The terminal 

 umbel, the flowers of which open tirst, is overtopped by the lateral umbels arising 

 from the leaf-axils. Biennial. Carum Bulbocastanum has a perennial, tuberous 

 rhizome ; its seedlings have only one cotyledon. Foeniculum (Fennel) and 

 Levisticum (Lovage) have yellow flowers. Petrosclinum (Parsley), Pastinaca 

 (Parsnip), Daucus (Carrot), Apium (Celery), and Anethum (Dill), are used as 



IC^'*! 



Fio. 666.— yleiAusa cynapium (§ nat. size). R, Single iiinbel. C, Fruit (enlarged). Poisoxocs. 



vegetables. Cicuta (Water-Hemlock, Fig. 665), Sium (Water-Parsnip, Fig. QQi), 

 Oenanthe (Fig. 663) and Berula, are marsh- or water-plants. Aethusa cyncqnum 

 (Fool's Parsley, Fig. 666) has the ribs of the fruit keeled ; umbels with three 

 elongated, linear, involucral leaves directed outwards. All the last-named plants 

 are poisonous. Arcliangclica officinalis is a conspicuous plant reaching a heiglit of 

 2 metres, with large bipinnate leaves jirovided with saccate, sheathing liases ; the 

 greenish flowers are markedly protandrous, the styles and stigmas only developing 

 after the stamens have lallen. In Carit,m, Oenanthe, Cicuta, and Heracleum, and 

 notably in the large species of Ferula, the flowers become polygamous or of 



