640 



BOTANY 



TART II 



mericarps closely united, with ill-inarked primary ridges aud somewhat more 

 distinct secondary ridges. 



Official. — Conium maciolatum yields conii folia and conii fructus. Ferula 

 foeticla (Persia), asafetida. F. gcdbamflua and other species (Persia), galbanum. 

 Dorema Ammoniaeum (Persia), ammoniacum. Pimpinella anisum, anisi fructus. 

 Coriandrum sativum, coriandri fructus. Foeniculum, capillaceitm, foeniculi 

 fructus. Carwin carvi, carui fructus. Anefhum {Peucedanum) c/raveolcns, 

 ANETHi FRUCTUS. Fevula sumhul, SUMBUL radix. 



Series II. Sympetalae (^) 



Periantli differentiated into calyx and corolla. Corolla gamo- 

 petalous. Flowers usually pentamerous, always cyclic. Two groups 

 of Sympetalae can be distinguished. A. Pentaajdicae. Flowers 

 with five regularly alternating whorls. K 5, C (5), A 5 + 5, G (5). 

 B. Tetracyclkae. Flowers, by omission of the inner whorl of 

 stamens, no trace of which persists, composed of four regularly alter- 

 nating whorls. K 5, C (5), A 5, Gr(5) or more commonly G(2) by 

 reduction in the number of carpels. 



A. Pentacyclicae 



Order I. Erieinae C^'^) 



Plants with actinomorphic flowers ; androecium obdiplostemonous ; 

 stamens not adherent to the corolla. Pollen-sacs with an " exothe- 



cium " ; pollen-grains frequently cohering in 

 tetrads. Ovary, as a rule superior, multi- 

 1 ocular. 



Family 1. Ericaceae. — -Evergreen, shrubby 

 l^lants with small, often needle-shaped leaves. 

 Anthers opening by pores or splits, frequently 

 provided with horn-like appendages, on which 

 account the group is also termed Bicornes. 

 Fruit, a capsule, berry, or drupe. Seeds with 

 a Avell-developed embryo and abundant en- 

 dosperm (Figs. Q<^^, 669). 



Fio. 66S.— Floral diagram of 

 Vaccinnim (Ericaceae). 



Important Sub-Families and Genera. — A. With a superior ovary: 1. Erkeac. 

 Flowers tetramerous throughout. Corolla persistent. Erica, calyx shorter thau 

 the corolla, includes some Britisli species (E. Tetralix) and many native to the 

 Mediterranean region anl the Cape. Calluna, calyx longer than the corolla. 

 G. cuhjaris, Heather or Ling, occurs on both dry and wet soils in western Europe. 

 It ascends into alpine regions, and by itself or in association with a few other 

 l)lants covers extensive tracts of country known as heaths or moors. 2. Arhuleae 

 Flowers pentamerous. Corolla deciduous. Andromeda occurs on moors in the 

 northern hemisphere ; fruit, a capsule. Arctostaphylos Uva ursi, circumpolai-, 

 in similar localities, has small, entire, leathery leaves. Fruit, a five-seeded drupe 



