662 BOTANY tart ii 



in the Scrophulariaceae, but with a unilocular ovar^-. Several British species of 

 Orobanche, parasitic on various host plants (Fig. 70S). 



Famih" 4. Bignoniaceae. — Tropical woody plants, in many cases climbers. 

 Stamens 4, corolla two-lipped. Seeds winged. Catalpa bignonioides, Tecoma 

 radicans, ornamental plants from X. America. 



Family 5. Gesneriaceae. — Tropical herbs and slirubs with a unilocular ovar}- 

 which is sometimes superior, in other cases inferior, and 4 or 2 stamens. Frequently 

 cultivated on account of the beautiful colour of their flowers, e.g. Gloxinia, 

 Aeschynanthus, Achimencs. Ramondia pyrenaica is one of the few European 

 representatives. Streptoearpus (■■-) polyantJw.s only develops one of its cotyledons, 

 which persists and attains a large size ; the inflorescences arise at the base of the 

 cotyledon. 



Family 6. Lentibulariaceae. — Marsh- or water-plants with a spurred corolla 

 aud onlj- two (anterior ; stamens. They capture and digest insects. Utricidaria ('^), 

 aquatic plants provided with bladder-like traps ; in the tropics also terrestrial and 

 epiphytic forms (cf. Fig. 47, p. 44). Finguicv.Ia with a rosette of radical leaves, 

 the margins of which are iuroUed (p. 223). 



Family 7. Acanthaceae. — Herbs with decussately arranged leaves and quad- 

 rangular stems. The fruits are bilocular capsules and spring open when mature. 

 Numerous species occur as undergrowth in tropical forests. Species of Acanthus 

 occur in the Mediterranean region. Their large, pinnately-lobed leaves, the lobes 

 terminating in spines, figure in Grecian art on the capitals of pillars, etc. 



Family 8. Plantaginaceae. — Herbs with a basal rosette of leaves and long- 

 stalked spikes of crowded flowers. Flowers tetramerous, actinomorphic. Corolla 

 membranous. Ovary bilocular. Style long and papillate. Family generally 

 distributed. 



Genera. — The native species of Plantago, the Plantain, are markedly j)roto- 

 gynous (cf. Fig. 455, p. 500) ; the young heads or spikes show the pale-coloured 

 stigmas projecting before the corolla has opened (Fig. 709). Transitional forms 

 from anemophilj- to eutomophily are found. Litorella lacustris is an aquatic plant 

 with a spike of three flowers ; two female flowers are situated at the base, while 

 the male flower has a long stalk. 



Order 7. Rubiinae 



Plants of diverse habit with opposite leaves. In contrast to the 

 preceding order the flowers have a sympetalous corolla associated 

 with an inferior ovary. Flowers tetramerous or ijentamerous. 

 Ovary bi- or tri-locular. Stamens epipetalous. Calyx xqvx incon- 

 spicuous. 



Family 1. Rubiaeeae. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with simple, 

 decussate leaves and stipules. Flowers actinomorphic. Ovary 

 bilocular. 



Chiefly tropical ; only some tribes are represented outside the tropics. 



Sub-Families and Important Genera. — («) Cindioncac, woody plants with 

 scaly stipules and numerous seeds in each cavity of the ovary. Cinchona is a 

 genus from the S. American Andes, now cultivated in tlie mountains of nearl)' all 

 trojiical colonies (Figs. 710, 711). Stipules deciduous. Flowers in terminal 

 panicles ; corolla tubular, with an expanded terminal portion fringed at the 

 margin. Fruit, a septicidal capsule, the valves of which, after dehiscence has 



