684 BOTANY part ii 



Achillea, Milfoil; Anthemis, Anacyclus, with floral bracts. Anthemis nohilis, 

 capitula composed of disc-florets ouly, or with these more or less rejilaced by 

 irregular florets. Anacychis ot/idnarum. Matricaria has no floral bracts. 

 M. Ghamomilla (Chamomile, Figs. 728 h, 735) is an annual, copiously branched 

 herb with a holloAV, conical, common receptacle, yellow disc-florets and white, 

 recurved, female ray -florets, in the terminal capitula. Chrysanthemum, C. segctum, 

 Tanucetum, flowers all tubular, marginal florets female. Artemisia has all the 

 florets tubular and usually the peripheral ones female {A. Absinthium, Worm- 

 wood) ; in the few-flowered capitula of A. Cina (Fig. 736) all the florets are 

 hermaphrodite. 



(c) Senecioneae. Receptacle naked, involucral bracts in one or two series. 

 Pappus hairy, delicate, white ; in other respects like the preceding. Tusslkujo 

 Farfara, Coltsfoot, flowers appear before the leaves ; the flowering stem bears 

 scaly leaves and a single capitulum (Fig. 737). Female flowers at periphery in 

 several series. Leaves large, cordate, thick, covered beneath with white hairs. 

 Petasites officinalis, Butter-Bur. Senecio, plants of diverse habit, including some 

 trees and succulent plants ; of world-wide distribution. (S'. vulgaris has no raj- 

 florets but only tubular, hermaphrodite florets. Doroaicum, Cineraria, are com- 

 monly cultivated. Arnica montana (Figs. 727, 729, 738) has a rosette of radical 

 leaves in two to four opposite pairs and a terminal inflorescence bearing a single 

 capitulum ; from the axillary buds of the two opposite bracts one (rarely more) 

 lateral inflorescence develops. 



(/) Calemluleae. Fruits of the capitulum of varied and irregular shapes. 

 Calcndnla. Dimorphotheca {^''). 



Official. — Anacyclus Fyrethrum yields pyeethei eadix. Santoxinum is 

 prepared from Artemisia maritima, var. Stechmanniana. Anthemis nobilis yields 

 AXTHEMEDis FLOEES. Taraxacum officinale, takaxaci eaiux. Arnica montana, 



AEXICAE KHIZOMA. 



Sub-Class II 



Monocotylae 



The Monocotyledons, or Angiosperms whicb. possess a single 

 cotyledon, are in general habit mostly herbaceous, less frequently 

 shrubs or trees. 



In germination the radicle and hypocotyl of the small embryo 

 emerge from the seed-coat, Avhile the sheath-like cotyledon usually 

 remains with its upper end within the seed and absorbs the materials 

 stored in the endosperm, which is usually well developed. The 

 growth of the main root is .sooner or later aiTested and its place 

 taken by numerous adventitious roots springing from the stem. In 

 the Grasses these are already present in the embryo within the 

 seed. Thus a single root system derived by the branching of a 

 main root, such as the Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons possess, is 

 Avanting throughout the Monocotyledons. 



The growing point of the stem remains for a longer or shorter 

 time enclosed by the sheath of the cotyledon. I,ater it bears in 



