690 



BOTANY 



PART II 



stands a flower. The suljtending bracts are often awned, i.e. they 

 bear terminally or springing from the dorsal surface a stiff Ijristle 

 with backwardly directed hairs (the awn). The bracteole of each 



flower is represented by another 

 scale-like bract, the palea sup- 

 erior. Above this come two 

 small scales, the LODICULAE, the 

 distension of which assists in 

 opening the flower. Lastly the 

 axis bears the androecium con- 

 sisting of a whorl of three stamens, 

 and the ovary composed of one 

 carpel and bearing two feathery 

 papillose stigmas. The ovary 

 contains an anatropous, or slightly 

 cami^ylotropous ovule (cf. Figs. 

 747-749). 



Fio. 749. — Festuca elatior. A, .Spikelt;t(coir:i)are Fig. 522), 

 with two open flowers below which the two sterile 

 glumes are seen (x 3); Ji, Flower; the two lodicules 

 are in front, the superior ])ah;a behind ; the ovary 

 bears two feathery sti};mas ( x 12) ; C, a single lodicuh: 

 (x 12) ; IJ, ovary seen from the side with the stalk of 

 one of the removed stigmas (x 14). 



Fi(i. 750. — Part of median longitudinal section of 

 grain of Wheat, showing embryo and scutellui 

 (sc) ; rs, vascular bundle of scutellum ; ce, ii 

 columnar epithelium ; I', its ligule ; c, shcathinj 

 part of the cotyledon ; pv, vegetative cone ij 

 stem ; hp, hypocotyl ; I, epiblast ; r, radicle ; i| 

 root-sheath ; m, mlcropyle ; p, funiculus ; vp, it 

 vascular bundle; /, lateral wall of groove; ci 

 pericarp, (x 14.) 



Tlie ilowers do not always sliow suoli extreme reduction ; tlms tlie ilower of 

 Rice (Fig. 753) lias a complete androecium ; that of the Ijanibuseac is similar and 

 also has three lodicules, and in Utrcptochaeta there is a normal monocotyledonous 

 type of flower with all five whorls of members present (cf. the diagram in Fig. 740). 

 The lodicules can on this evidence be regarded as corresponding to the inner whorl 



