722 BOTANY 



ScHOUTE, Verliandl. d. Koninkl. Akad. van Wetensch. Amsterdam, Tweede Sectie, 

 Deel ix. No. 4, 1902. J. C. Schoute terms a carnhhim active to both sides diplc-uric, 

 and active on only one side monoplcuric. He terms a cambium provided with a 

 single initial layer an initial cambium, and one in which other layers later reinforce 

 the first, a stratified cambium (Etagencambien). {^^^) H. Mayk, Zeitschr. f. 

 Forst- u. Jagdwesen, Jahrg. xxv. 1893, p. 313, etc. ("") Alfked Fischer, Jahrb. f. 

 wiss. Bot. vol. xxii. 1890, p. 73 ; E. Strasburger under (i^s), p. 883 ff. ("i) L. 

 Kny, Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesellsch. 1890, p. 176, and E. Strasburger under (^^). 

 (1^) Especially Ph. van Tieghem, Traite de Botanique, 2nd ed. 1891, p. 719. 

 Here also T. Freidenfelt, Flora, vol. xci. 1902, p. 115, and M. Busgen, Flora, 

 vol. xcv. 1905, p. 58. (^'^') Especially H. Schenck, Beitrage zur Biologie und 

 Anatomic der Lianen, 1892. Recently Gravis and Constantinesco, Arch, de 

 rinst. bot. de. TUniv. de Liege, vol. iv. 1907, p. 43. ("■*) L. Lindingek, 

 Beihefte z. bot. Zentralbl. vol. xix. 1, 1906, p. 321 ; S. Rywosch, Zeitschrift fiir 

 Botanik, vol. i. 1909, p. 274. (i«) A. B. Frank, Bot. Ztg. 1864, p. 186 ; G. 

 Kraus, Abli. d. naturf. Ges. zu Halle, vol. xvi. 1885, p. 365 ; E. Strasburger 

 in {^^), p. 107 ; R. Meissner, Bot. Ztg., i. Abt. 1894, p. 55, and 1901, p. 25. (i^«) S. 

 Simon, Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesell. 1902, p. 229. C'*'') Especially de Bary in 

 (1""), p. 560, and F. v. Hohnel, Stzber. der Wiener Akad., math.-uaturwiss. Kl. 

 vol. Ixxvi. Heft 4 and 5, 1877. Also 0. Damm, Beihefte z. bot. Zentralbl. vol. xi. 



1902, p. 222, and M. Prodinger, Denkschriften der math.-naturwiss. Kl. der 

 Wiener Akad. vol. Ixxxiv. 1908, p. 329. ("») P. Basicke, Bot. Ztg. i. Abt. 

 1908, p. 55. ("9) E. Stahl, Bot. Ztg. 1873, p. 561 ; H. Devaux, Ann. des Soc, 

 nat. Bot. viii. ser. 1900, vol. xii. p. 1 ; the further literature in G. Haberlandt 

 in (1""), p. 419. (i^o) Hermann von Alten, Bot. Ztg. i. Abt. 1909, p. 1 ; the 

 literature is given here, (i^i) H. v. Mohl, Bot. Ztg. 1860, pp. 1, 132, 273 ; H. v. 

 Bretfeld, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. vol. xii. 1879-81, p. 133 ; Ph. van Tieghem, 

 Traite de Bot. 2nd ed. 1891, vol. 1. p. 865 ; L. Staby, Flora, 1886, p. 158 ; A. 

 TisoN, Mem de la Soc. Linn, de Normandie, vol. xx. 1900 ; J. Wiesner, most 

 recently in Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesell. 1906, p. 32 ; E. Luwi, Stzber. d. Wiener 

 Akad. d. Wiss., math.-naturwiss. Kl. vol. cxvi. Abt. i. 1907, p. 983. C^-} In (i«), 

 pp. 68, 71. (^°^) The literature is in the work of Kuster cited under (^^). (^^*) In 

 (!■**), p. 61. (^^^) H. Devaux, Actes de la Soc. Linn, de Bordeaux, 6. ser. vol. viii. 



1903, p. 98. (156) 0. Appel, Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesell. 1906, p. 118. (i«") A. 

 TisoN, Bull, de la Soc. Linneenne de Normandie, ser. 5, vol. viii. 1904, p. 176. 

 (158) S. Simon, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. vol. xlv. 1908, p. 351. (i^S) Cf. B. Nemec, 

 Studien iiber die Regeneration, 1905 ; W. Figdor, Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesell. 

 1906, p. 13. (!"") H. Winkler, Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Ges. 1902, p. 81 ; K. Goebel, 

 Biol. Zentralbl. vol. xxii. 1902, p. 385 ; Flor.i, vol xcii. 1903, p. 132 ; E; 

 KiJSTER, Pathologische Pflanzenanatomie, 1903, p. 8 ; Fr. Hildebrand, Ber. d. 

 deutsch. bot. Gesell. 1906, p. 39 ; cf. also W. Figdor, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. vol. 

 xliv. 1907, p. 41. (i«i) C. R. Barnes and W. J. G. Land, Bot. Gazette, 1907, 

 p. 197. (1^-) AuGUSTE Pyrame de Candolle, Theorie elementaire de la Botanique. 

 (1"^) K. Goebel, Organographie der Pflanzen, 1898, p. 121. Goebel distinguishes 

 between the juvenile form and the adult form. If these differ but slightly the develop- 

 ')nent is homoblastic ; in the contrary case heteroblastic. L. Diels inhisiuork Jugend 

 formen und Bliltenrcife in Pfianzenreich, 1906, brings the heteroblastic forms of 

 develoiyment of the vegetative organs under the concept of helicomorphy, which is 

 especially prevalent among Dicotyledons, p. 22. (i^^) Especially 0. Penzig, Pflanzen- 

 Teratologie, 1890, gives the literature ; K. Goebel, Organographie der Pflanzen, 

 1898, p. 152; E, KtsTER in (i™) ; W. Magnus, Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesell. 1903, 



