XIII 



PHYLUM CTIORBATA 



:u 



conclusion has yet been it'iiehed as Lo the t"uncti(jn wliich it 

 perfoi-nis. 



Reproductive System. — The Urochorda arc hermaphrodite. 

 Ovary and testis are in all cases simple oi'gans placed in close 

 relation with one another. In Appendicidaria (Kig. 728) they are 

 situated in the aboral regiiui ot" the body. In tiie simple Ascidians, 

 they may be either single or doable, and their ducts, sometimes 

 very short, sometimes more elongated, open close together into the 

 atrial cavity. In Pyrosonia there are no gonoducts, the ovary — 

 which contains only a single ovum — and the testis being lodged in 

 a diverticulum of the peribranchial cavity. In Sal pa also the 

 ovary contains usually only a single ovum : ovary and testis lie in 

 close relation to the alimentary canal in the " nucleus," and their 

 short ducts o])en into the peribranchial cavity. In Doliolum the 

 elongated testis and oval ovary have a similar position to that 



ey ngl 



Fl(i. 731.— Salpa. Diagrammatic lateral view of the ganglion and neighbouring parts, at. 

 wall of atrial cavity ; hr. brancliia ; br. ap. aperture of branchia ; c. c. ciliated crests of 

 branchia ; (■. f. ciliated funnel ; cij. eye ; n. ijl. gland (paired) that may represent neural gland ; 

 ph. wall of pharynx. (After Delage and Herouard.) 



which they occupy in Salpa, but the ovary consists of a number 

 of ova. 



Development and Metamorphosis. — In the Ascidiacea Im- 

 pregnation usually takes place after the ova have passed out from 

 the atrial cavity. But in a few simple, and most if not all com- 

 pound forms, impregnation takes place in the atrium or in a 

 special outgrowth of the latter serving as a brood-sac, and the ovum 

 remains there until the tailed larval stage is attained. In certain 

 composite forms there is a coalescence of the investing layers of 

 the ovum with the wall of the atrium, forming a structure analogous 

 to the jy^CLCcnia of the Mammals and designated by that term. 

 Self-impregnation is usually rendered impossible by ova and sperms 



