270 



Z()(^L()r,Y 



SECT. 



straighten, one part upon another; achhictors which draw towards, 

 and abductors which draw away from, the middle line ; elevators 

 whicli raise, and depressors which lower, a part, such as the lower 

 jaw. The munes of the muscles may have reference to their 

 position, e.g. pcctoralis (pet.), the principal muscle of the chest ; or to 

 their form, e.g. biceps, the two-headed muscle ; or to their action, 

 e.g. Jlexor tarsi ; or to their origin and insertion, e.g. eoraco- 

 hvmcrr/fis. 



Digestive Organs. — The mouth leads into a wide buccal cavity 

 having in its roof the interned or posterior nares (Fig. 929,^. na.), 



SPHETH^ ' ' ' ----^ ' -"- ^+ " ■ >-r^ ^-.-l / \ ur\ 



fjrt- ' s.int 



Fig. i)2!i.— Rana temporaria. Dissection from the leftside ; the viscera somewhat displaced. 

 an. anus ; h. d. bile-duct ; b. hy. body of liyoid ; W. urinary bladder; lil.' its opening into the 

 cloaca ; c. art. conns arteriosus ; i:blm. cerebellum ; rl. cloaca ; en. S, centrum of third vei tcbra ; 

 cp. ad. corpus adiposum ; crb. It. cerebral hemisiiliore ; d. ly. ,•(. dorsal lymph sinus ; di'. duo- 

 denum ; ep.cor. epicoracoid ; ens. t. Eustachian tiilio ; Fll. PA. fronto-parictal ; i/l. glottis ; 

 rjul. gullet ; IL. ilium ; is. ischium ; k-d. kidney ; I. kk. leftaui-iclc ; l.liuj. left lung ; Ir. liver ; 

 M. Mi'K. raento-meckelian ; n. a. 1, neural arch of first vertebra ;. olf. I. olfactory bull) ; opt. I. 

 oijtic lobe; o. st. omostenmm ; jicd. pericardium; PMX. pi-emaxilla ; pn. pancreas; 

 p. na. ijosterior naris ; pu. pubis; ret. rectum; r. Imj. right lung; ,?. int. small intestine ; 

 sp. r.d. spinal cord; sph. eth. splienethmoid ; spl. sjilecn ; ■•it. stomach; s. >■. sinus venosus ; 

 tng. tongue ; <s. testis ; ur. ureter ; xir'. its aperture into the cloaca ; ust. urostyle ; r. ven- 

 tricle ; r. ly. s. ventral lynij)!! sinus ; vo. t. vomerine teeth ; vs. sem. vesicvda seminalis. 



a pair of projections due to the downward bulging of the large 

 eyes, and the openings of the Eustachian tubes (eus. t., vide infra). 

 On its floor is the large tongue (tng.), attached in front and free 

 behind, where it ends in a double point; by means of its muscles 

 it can be suddenly projected, point foremost, from the mouth, and 

 is used in the capture of Insects. Immediately behind the tongue 

 is the glottis (gl.). Teeth are arranged in a single series round the 

 edge of the upper jaw, attached to the preinaxilla', and raaxilko ; 

 there is also a small patch of teeth (w. t.) on each vomer just 

 internal to the posterior nostril. The teeth are small conical 

 bodies, their bases ankylosed to the bones ; their only use is to 

 prevent the polished or slimy bodies of the prey — Insects and 

 Worms — from sliiDping out of the mouth. 



