«84 ZOOLOGY sect. 



and Willemoes-Suhm, while the zoological material collected 

 on the voyage was worked out by the leading zoologists in all 

 parts of the world, and the results published in thirty handsome 

 and fully-illustrated quarto volumes. 



On board the United States cruisers Blake and Albatross Alex. 

 Agassiz made several cruises in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-80 and 

 1891), the Tropical Pacific (1899-1900), and the Eastern Pacific 

 (1904-1905), the results of which have been in part published in 

 The Memoirs and Bulletin of the Museum of Cumpa^'ative Zoology of 

 Harvard College. The results of the German Deep Sea Expedi- 

 tion of 1898, under the leadership of C. Chun, have been appear- 

 ing in a long series of Memoirs since 1892 ; and those of the 

 German Plankton Expedition (1889) since the same year, under 

 the editorship of V. A. C. Hensen. An important scientific 

 expedition to the Dutch East Indies was the cruise of the Sihoga 

 (1899-1900) under the directorship of Max Weber. 



In land-travel, numerous journeys, and especially those of 

 A. R. Wallace in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil, and of 

 H. W. Bates in Brazil, have not only added immensely to our 

 knowledge of the genera of the countries visited, but have enriched 

 the science with the ideas of protective and aggressive characters, 

 of mimicry, and of the relations of organism to environment 

 generally. 



The establishment of Zoological gardens in different parts of 

 the world — notably in Paris and London, Stellingen, Berlin, 

 Hamburg, and New York — has added greatly to our knowledge 

 both of the habits and of the anatomy of animals, and a similar 

 advance in the investigation of marine animals has followed 

 upon the establishment of Zoological Stations or Marine 

 Laboratories in various countries. The earliest and most impor- 

 tant of these is the Naples Station, founded in 1870 by Anton 

 Dohrn. The results of the researches there carried on form the 

 most elaborate and sumptuous series of zoological monographs 

 ever published. Other stations with similar aims have been 

 instituted in all parts of the world : of these may be mentioned 

 those of Plj'mouth, Wimereux, Roscoff, Banyuls-sur-Mer, Kiel, 

 Helder, Trieste, Woods Holl, and Tokyo : to these have been 

 added in some countries stations for the study of the fresh-water 

 and terrestrial faunas. 



The establishment of Zoological (or Biological) Laboratories in 

 connection with Universities is also a work of the last forty 

 years, and has had an important influence both in diffusing 

 a knowledge of the science and in stimulating research. Even 

 more recent is the complete change of view as to the functions 

 and arrangement of a Museum. Formerly it was looked upon as 

 a collection of curiosities, in which everything was to be exhibited 

 to the public. Now, thanks in great measure to Sir W. H. 



