GLANDERS. 349 



for five seconds, then transferring to absolute alcohol, 

 xylol, etc. The bacilli appear dark blue upon a paler 

 ground. This method gives very good results, but has 

 been largely superseded by the use of Kiihne's carbol- 

 methylene blue : 



Methylene blue, 1.5 



Alcohol, 10. 



5 per cent, aqueous phenol solution, 100. 



Kiihne's method of staiuing is to place the section in the 

 stain for about half an hour, wash in water, decolorize 

 carefully in hydrochloric acid (10 drops to 500 c.cm. of 

 water), immerse at once in a solution of lithium carbonate 

 (8 drops of a saturated solution of lithium carbonate in 10 

 c.cm. of water), place in a bath of distilled water for a few 

 minutes, dip into absolute alcohol colored with a little 

 methylene blue, dehydrate in anilin oil containing a 

 little methylene blue in solution, wash in pure anilin 

 oil, not colored, then in a light ethereal oil, clear in 

 xylol, and mount in balsam. 



When stained in sections of tissue the bacilli are 

 found to occupy the interior of small inflammatory zones 

 not unlike tubercles in appearance. These nodules can 

 be seen with the naked eye scattered through the livers, 

 kidneys, and spleens of animals dead of experimental 

 glanders. The nodules consist principally of leucocytes, 

 but also contain numerous epithelioid cells. As is the case 

 with tubercles, the centres of the nodules are prone to 

 degenerate, soften, and also to suppurate. The retro- 

 gressive processes upon exposed surfaces, where the break- 

 ing down of the nodules allows their contents to escape, 

 are the sources of the typical ulcerations. At times the 

 process is progressive, and some of the lesions heal by 

 the formation of a stellate scar. 



Baumgarten regarded the origin and course of the his- 

 tological lesions of glanders to be much like those of the 

 tubercle. In his studies epithelioid cells first accumulated, 

 and were followed by leucocytes. Tedeschi was not able 



