TYPHOID FEVER. 4 81 



and calves, and found that Java apes could feed daily 

 upon food polluted with typhoid germs for a considerable 

 time, yet without symptoms. The introduction of viru- 

 lent cultures into the abdominal cavity of animals is fol- 

 lowed by peritonitis. 



Germano and Maurea ' found that mice succumbed in 

 from one to three days after intraperitoneal injection of 

 1-2 c. cm. of a twenty-four-hour-old bouillon culture. Sub- 

 cutaneous injections in rabbits and dogs caused abscesses. 



Losener found the introduction of 3 mgr. of an agar- 

 agar culture into the abdominal cavity of guinea-pigs to 

 be fatal. 



When animals are treated in the manner described in 

 the chapter upon Cholera — i. e. the gastric contents ren- 

 dered alkaline, a large quantity of laudanum injected 

 into the peritoneal cavity, and the bacilli introduced 

 through an esophageal catheter — Klemperer, Levy, and 

 others found that there was produced an intestinal con- 

 dition which very much resembled typhoid as it occurs in 

 man. The virulence of the bacillus can be very greatly 

 increased by rapid passage from guinea-pig to guinea-pig. 



In the experiments of Chantemesse and Widal the 

 symptoms following the injection of virulent culture into 

 guinea-pigs were briefly as follows : ' ' Very shortly after 

 the inoculation there is a rise of temperature, which 

 continues from one to four hours, and is succeeded by a 

 depression of the temperature, which continues to the 

 fatal issue. Meteorism and great tenderness of the abdo- 

 men are observed. At the autopsy a sero-fibrinous or 

 sero-purulent peritonitis is observed — sometimes hemor- 

 rhagic. There is also generally a pleurisy, either serous 

 or hemorrhagic. All the abdominal viscera are con- 

 gested. The intestine is congested — contains an abun- 

 dant mucous secretion. The Peyer patches are enlarged. 

 The spleen is enlarged, blackish, and often hemorrhagic. 

 In cases which are prolonged the liver is discolored. The 

 kidneys are congested, the adrenals filled with blood. 



1 Zeigler's Beilrage, lid. xii , Heft, 3, p. 494. 

 31 



