De Santo and Nelson 



Chapter3 



Reproductive Ecology of Auks 



Table 3 Size, survival, longevity, age of first reproduction, and breeding frequency of adult alcidi 



'Adult mass prior to chick rearing used for Ancient Murrelet, Crested Auklet, Least Auklet, Cassin's Auklet, and Atlantic Puffin; includes both males 

 and females 



''Observed longevity of ringed or banded birds unless otherwise stated 



'Reviewed by Harris and Birkhead (1985); Norderhaug (1980) 



^Harris and Birkhead (1985), Hudson (1985); Clapp and others (1982), Freethy (1987), Klimkiewicz and Futcher (1989), Lloyd (1979) 



'Reviewed by Harris and Birkhead (1985), Hudson (1985); Boekelheide and others (1990), Clapp and others (1982) 



^Reviewed by Harris and Birkhead (1985), Hudson 1985); Clapp and others (1982) 



"Reviewed by Hudson (1985); Ainley and others (19906), Clapp and others (1982), Cairns (1981, 1987), Divoky (1994, pers. comm.) 



6 Reviewed by Dunning (1992); Kitaysky (1994) 



"Reviewed by Ewins ( 1993), Kuletz (1983); Ainley and others (19906), Clapp and others ( 1982), Klimkiewicz and Futcher (1989), Nelson (1 987), Ewins 

 and others (1993) 



8 Sealy (1975a,c) 



9 Sealy (1975b) 



10 Klimkiewicz and Futcher (1989), Murray and others (1983) 



1 'Reviewed by Dunning (1992) 



12 aapp and others (1982), Gaston (1990), Gaston and Jones (1989), Jones (1990), Scaly (1975c, 1976), Vermeer and Lemon (1986) 



13 Kuroda (1967), Ono (1993) 



M Bedard (1969b), Jones (1992. 1993a), Piatt and others (1990) 



15 Bedard (1969b), Jones (1992, 1993b, 1994). Piatt and others (1990), Roby and Brink (1986) 



16 Reviewed by Dunning (1992); Ainley and others (1990a), Knudtson and Byrd (1982) 



17 Ainley and others (1990a), Clapp and others (1982), Jones P. (1992), Gaston (1992), Klimkiewicz and Futcher (1989), Manuwal (1979), Speich and 

 Manuwal (1974). Thorensen (1964). Vermeer and Cullen (1982) 



18 Ainley and others (1990a), Bedard (1969b), Sealy (1972) 



''Ainley and others ( 1990c). Clapp and others (1982), Klimkiewicz and Futcher (1989) 



20 Klimkiewicz and Futcher (1989). Sealy (1972), Vermeer and Cullen (1979) 



:! Sealy(1973c) 



"Reviewed by Harris and Birkhead (1985), Hudson (1985); Barrett and Rikardsen (1992), Clapp and others (1982), Harris and Hislop (1978), 

 Klimkiewicz and Futcher (1989), Kress and Nettleship (1988), Nettleship (1972) 



USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-152. 1995. 



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