Carter and Kuletz 



Chapter 26 



Mortality Due to Oil Pollution 



X 1985 Area Anchorage 



1971 Anacortes 



1988 Nestucca 



1991 TenyoMaru 



1983 Blue Magpie 

 (Yaquina Bay) 



1984 Puerto Rican 



1986 Apex Houston 



1992 Avila Beach 



1969 Santa Barbara 



1978 Toyota Maw 

 1984 Mobi/o// 

 (Columbia River) 



1990 American Trader 



Figure 2 West Coast Oil Spills (1969-1993). The approximate locations of large and 

 medium oil spills in Washington, Oregon and California where seabird mortality was 

 assessed are indicated. 



near Seattle, Washington (Speich and Thompson 1987). About 

 450 dead birds were recovered and about 650 live oiled birds 

 were observed off shore. No oiled murrelets were recovered 

 or observed. 



1984 Puerto Rican: In November 1984, a large spill 

 (1,470,000 gals; 35,000 bbls) of mixed oils occurred when 

 the tanker Puerto Rican exploded off San Francisco (Herz 

 and Kopec 1985). About 1,300 birds were recovered on 

 beaches and a minimum of 4,800 birds were estimated to 



have been killed (Dobbin and others 1986, Ford and others 

 1987, Point Reyes Bird Observatory 1985). One dead oiled 

 Marbled Murrelet was found on a beach. 



1985 Arco Anchorage: In December 1985, the oil tanker 

 Arco Anchorage spilled 240,000 gals (5,700 bbls) of crude 

 oil off Port Angeles, Washington (Kittle and others 1987; 

 Speich and others 1991; Speich, pers. comm.). Totals of 

 1,562 live and 355 dead oiled birds were recovered on shore 

 after the spill. About 4,000 birds total were estimated to 



266 



USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-152. 1995. 



