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AN ELEMENTARY TEXT-BOOK OF BIOLOGY. 



The organ of voice is here the syrinx. 



7. The urinogenital organs (Fig. 71) include the excretory 

 and reproductive organs. 



Excretory Organs. The reddish-brown kidneys, covered ven- 

 trally with peritoneum, are situated just behind the lungs, and 

 closely applied to the under side of the ilia and " sacrum." Each 



Fig. 71. URINOGENITAL ORGANS OF PIGEON. A, female; B, male; 

 k, &',&", anterior, middle, and posterior lobes of kidney; u, ureters; 

 u', openings of ditto; cl, elf, cl", internal, middle, and external divi- 

 sions of the cloaca, which has been cut through on its ventral side and 

 opened out; t, spermaries (testes); v.d, spermiducts (vasa deferentia); 

 v.s, vesiculse seminales; g.p, genital papillae, on the end of which are 

 the male genital openings; ov, ovary; od, oviducts (right a mere rudi- 

 ment); od', funnel of left oviduct; od", openings of oviducts into 

 cloaca; ad, adrenals. 



possesses three lobes, anterior, middle, and posterior. Between 

 the two first, on the ventral side, a small thin- walled ureter arises, 

 which runs to the middle division of the cloaca, into the dorsal 

 side of which it opens. 



The adrenals (Fig. 71, B, ad) are small elongated bodies, of yellowish 

 colour, closely connected with the origin of the iliac vein on either side. 



The urinifcrous tubules are not ciliated. Each of them begins 



