MAMMALIA. 



283 



canal (mouth-cavity, pharynx, gullet, stomach, intestine) with 

 appended glands (salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and rectal 

 glands). They begin in the head and thorax, but are contained, 



Fig. 85. GENERAL DISSECTION OF HEAD AND THORAX OF RABBIT 

 (reduced). a, Atlas; ax, axis; 1 to 11, placed on centra of thoracic 

 vertebrae ; b-o, basi-occipital ; pt, is placed on basi-sphenoid, and 2, on 

 pre-sphenoid ; l.p, lamina perpendicularis ; e-t, ethmo-turbinal, and 

 m-t, maxillo-turbinal, of right nasal cavity, the turbinal bones of left 

 cavity having been removed and the septum nasi cut through ; p-mx, 

 pre-maxilla ; b.p, bony palate ; x-st, xiphisternum ; d,d,d, diaphragm ; 

 '/, incisors ; t, tongue ; p.f, papilla foliata, above which is seen a circum- 

 vallate papilla ; * placed just below tonsil ; ph, pharynx ; p.n, internal 

 nares, the opening of p.n.c, the posterior nasal chamber, which is 

 mostly floored by soft palate the letter n is placed just under 

 Eustachian opening ; (?, oesophagus ; La, left auricle ; l.v and r.v, 

 left and right ventricles ; pr-c, left pre-caval ; e.ju, right external 

 jugular, formed in front by union of facial veins, and running back to 

 help to form right pre-caval ; p-c, post caval ; ao, arch of aorta left 

 common carotid is seen running forwards along trachea (tr is placed 

 just above it) ; s-d, left subclavian artery ; ao', dorsal aorta ; pa and 

 pv, pulmonary artery and veins left lung has been removed ; ep, 

 epiglottis ; x , placed on vocal chord ; tr, trachea ; a little way behind 

 ao, opening of right bronchus, end of trachea, and left bronchus cut 

 open, are seen ; (fj, Ig, If], Ig, lobes of right lung ; ol, olfactory lobe, 

 below which is cribriform plate ; c.h, cerebral hemisphere ; s.v, LI, 

 and/, superior vermis, lateral lobe, and flocculus of cerebellum ; m.o, 

 medulla oblongata-in front of these letters are the roots of the eighth, 

 seventh, and fifth cranial nerves ; op, optic nerve ; sp, spinal cord. 



