BONE OR OSSEOUS TISSUE. 283 



i 

 bone will be liable to die and exfoliate ; conversely, if a large part or the whole of a 



bone be removed and the periosteum at the same time be left intact, the bone will, 

 in a great measure, be regenerated. Osseous formation will even occur in connection 

 with portions of periosteum which have been stripped away from the bone itself and 

 intertwined amongst the muscles of the part, or even with portions that have been 

 entirely removed from a bone and transplanted to a soft tissue (Oilier). 



It is doubtful if the marrow-tissue can assist in the regeneration of bone. 

 Experiments which have been made to determine this point would seem to show 

 that although in the young bone, where the osteoblasts still retain their osteogenic 

 function, the medullary tissue may take an active part in the formation of the 

 first-formed new bone or " callus," in the adult no such participation of the marrow 

 in the regeneration of bone takes place. 



In the young subject even small pieces of the bone itself can be transplanted, 

 and McEwen has succeeded in renewing the greater part of the excised humerus 

 of a child by the introduction, at successive periods, of portions of fresh bone 

 removed from another patient. 



It was long supposed that all the bones of the skeleton were preceded by and deposited in 

 cartilage. Nesbitt, however, showed in 1736 that some of the flat bones were formed inde- 

 pendently of cartilage, and he further maintained that the cartilage is " entirely destroyed ; " 

 he therefore considered it to be a mere temporary substitute ; but the steps of the process of 

 intracartilaginous ossification as now traced with the aid of the microscope were unknown 

 to him, and it was not until the year 1846 that the manner of formation of bone and the 

 extensive replacement of the primarily ossified cartilage by new bone formed in membrane 

 was made clear by the researches of Sharpey, who published the results of his work in the 

 fifth edition of this book. 



RECENT LITERATURE. 



Bajardi, D., Ueber die Neubildung der Gelenkenden nach der subcapsulo-periostalen Resection, 

 Moleschott's Unters. zur NaturJehre, xiii. ; Ueber die Neubildung von Knochensubstanz in der Markhohle 

 und innerhalb der Epiphysen und iiber die Regeneration des Knochenmarks in den Rohrenknochen, 

 Ibid., 1883. 



Bizzozero, Ueber die Atrophie der Zetten des Knochenmarkes, Arch. f. mikr. Anat., 33, 1889 ; 

 Neue Untersuchungen ueber d. Bau des Knochenmarkes bei den Vogeln, Arch. f. mikr. Anat., 35, 

 1890. 1 



Bonome, A., Zur Histogenese der Knochenregeneration, Virchow's Archiv, Bd. 100, 1885. 



Brosike, GK , Ueber die sogenannten Grenzscheiden des Knochenkanalsy stems nebst Bemerkungen 

 iiber die Keratinsubstanzen, Archiv f. mikrosk. Anat., Bd. 26, 1885. 



Demarbaix. H., Division et deytnerescencc des cellules geantes de la moette, La Cellule, t. v., 1889. 



Denys, J. , Sur la structure de la moelle des os et la genk.se du sang chez les oiseaux, La Cellule, 

 t. iv., 1888. 



Ebner, v. , Sind die Fibrillen des Knochengewebes verkalkt oder nicht ? Archiv f. mikrosk. Anat. , 

 Bd. 29, 1887. 



Eg-g-er, Or., Experimented Beitraye zur Lehre vom interstitiellcn Knochenwachsthum, Virchow's 

 Archiv, Bd. 99, 1885. 



Fargerlund, On the development of ossification-points during the first year of life, London Medical 

 Recorder, 1890. 



G-eelmuyden, H. C., Das Verhalten des Knochenmarks in Krankheiten und die physiologische 

 Function desselben, Virchow's Archiv, Bd. 105, 1886. 



Howell, W. H., Observations upon the occurrence, structure, and function of the giant-cells of the 

 marrow, Journal of Morphology, iv., 1890. 



Kolliker, A., Derfeinere Bau des Knochengewebes, Zeitschr. f. wissensch. Zool., Bd. xliv., 1886 ; 

 Nachwort zu meinem Artikel " Ueber den feineren Bau des Knochengewebes," Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zoologie, 

 Bd. xlv., 1887. 



Leser, E. , Ueber histologische Vorgange an der Ossificationsgrenze rn.it, besonderer Berucksichti- 

 gung des Verhaltens der Knorpelzellen, Arch. f. mikrosk. Anat., 32, 1888. 



iiiliexifoerg-, J. , Beitraye zur Histologie des Knochengewebes, Memoires de 1'acad. imp. d. Sciences de 

 St. Petersb., t. xxxiii., 1885. 



Petroni, Istoloyia detta polpa del midollo osseo rosso, &c., Anat. Anzeiger, 1889. 



1 Other recent papers by Bizzozero are referred to in the literature relating to the development of 

 blood-corpuscles. 



VOL. I. V 



