18 APPLIED IMMUNOLOGY 



though immune bodies have been demonstrated to be 

 present, the inoculation of heterogeneous substances, 

 without apparent reason, produces a singular effect, 

 in consequence of which the previously treated organ- 

 ism reacts differently from the normal. To this re- 

 action von Pirquet has given the name " allergy." 

 Allergy may be expressed by either a refractory state 

 of the organism, namely, immunity, or by supersensi- 

 tiveness, that is, anaphylaxis. Examples of anaphy- 

 lactic reactions are recognized in " Arthus' phenome- 

 non " in rabbits, " Theobald Smith's phenomenon " in 

 guinea-pigs and "serum disease " in man. Less im- 

 portant, although more practical illustrations are com- 

 monly seen in the cutaneous and ophthalmic tuber- 

 culin reactions of tuberculous individuals, the mallein 

 reaction in glanders, the luetin reaction in syphilis, the 

 intradermic reaction in typhoidal subjects, the sero- 

 diagnosis of cancer, etc. 



In this connection, the hypothesis of Friedberger 

 that a number of pathological processes are due to the 

 occurrence of albumen anaphylaxis, and the coincident 

 poisons of infections are referable to the influence of 

 the concurrent anaphylotoxin, must receive serious 

 consideration. 



