268 APPLIED IMMUNOLOGY 



sterilized powdered organisms, we have found bene- 

 ficial in superficial localized lesions, using an initial 

 dose of 0.001 milligramme. 



Glanders. — Bacterins of B. mallei or " mallein " 

 have been attended with indifferent success and in a 

 generalized infection of glanders offer no promise of 

 cure whatsoever. 



Variola. — Smallpox, the greatest and most loath- 

 some scourge that ever decimated the human race, is 

 to-day a disease of comparative rarity. With an inci- 

 dence of ninety-five per cent, among the exposed and 

 a mortality of twenty per cent., in the eighteenth cen- 

 tury it was estimated that 2,000,000 people in Europe 

 annually contracted variola, of whom 400,000 died. 

 Jenner's vaccination against smallpox in 1798— the 

 first and classical example of the prophylactic em- 

 ployment of bacterial inoculation — has resulted al- 

 most in the extermination of this disease. Physicians 

 of eminence in every civilized country of the globe 

 fully realize the inestimable value of this achievement 

 for mankind and appreciate the fact that vaccinia 

 properly employed protects against variola. In Ger- 

 many, where the most advanced and adequate legis- 

 lation has been enacted for forty years, compulsory 

 vaccination and revaccination have rendered security 

 against smallpox almost absolute. Originally crusts 

 from variola ulcers, then crusts from the vaccinia 



