60 THE AKMY HORSE IN ACCIDENT AND DISEASE. 



a scar. (The ulcer of glanders, which will be studied later, has edges 

 shaped like saw teeth, and when healed leaves a jagged scar.) 



Treatment. — Is usually local and as follows: Fumigation with hot 

 water, to which antiseptics have been added (2 ounces of creolin or 

 2 ounces of carbolic acid to a half bucketful of water) ; the steaming 

 to continue at least one-half hour twice daily. If no definite cause 

 of the discharge can be found, good results may be obtained by admin- 

 istering 2 drams of powdered copper sulphate or the same amount of 

 iron sulphate, in the food or in a ball, once daily. In most cases, 

 when the discharge is from one nostril only, an operation is necessary 

 to effect a cure. 



As the symptoms of this disease are so similar to glanders, the 

 animal should be isolated, and the utensils, such as buckets, forks, 

 brooms, currycombs, blankets, etc., should not be used about other 

 horses, until by the use of mallein (see Glanders) the disease has 

 been definitely determined. 



PHARYNGITIS AND LARYNGITIS — SORE THROAT. 



Sore throat is an inflammation of the lining mem.brane imme- 

 diately in the rear of the mouth and is caused by irritating medicines, 

 by bodies bruising the tissues, by sudden changes in the temperature, 

 and by infection. 



Symptoms. — Diminution of the appetite, cough, stiffness of the 

 head, soreness when pressure is applied to the throat, a considerable 

 amount of mucus and saliva in the mouth, escaping in long, trans- 

 parent threads, and usually a profuse thick discharge from the nose. 

 Swallowing of liquids is painful; they are ejected through the nose, 

 and are often of a greenish color and contain quantities of food. 

 Temperature may range from normal to 106° F., with diflicultyin 

 breathing. 



Treatment. — The sick animal should be separated from the healthy 

 ones and placed in a comfortable box stall, free from drafts, but 

 well ventilated, and should be given green food or very fine hay, 

 steamed oats, bran, or gruel; fresh water should be left within reach. 

 Four drams of either ammonium chloride or potassium nitrate 

 should be added to the drinking water. 



The lips and nostrils should be kept perfectly clean and the mouth 

 washed frequently with fresh water. Cold compresses should be 

 used if the parts are hot, tender, and painful. In a mild case, use 

 the ammonia liniment as in acute nasal catarrh. If an abscess is 

 likely to form, poultices of linseed meal may be applied, and the 

 abscess, when ready, should be opened, but never with a knife. Cut 

 through the skin only and then insert a blunt instrument, or tlie fin- 

 ger, and allow the })us to escape. 



