460 CARDUACEAE. 



37. CHAPTAIiIA Vent. Jard. Cels. pi. 61. 1800. 

 Perennial scapose herbs, with, floecose-tomentose foliage. Leaves basal, 

 persistently pubescent beneath. Heads heterogamous, radiate, solitary and 

 terminal. Involucre many-flowered, its bracts narrow, in few series, the inner 

 successively larger. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, rose-purple. Disk-flowers 

 perfect, wholly or partially neutral, their corollas white or purplish, more or 

 less 2-lipped, the outer with 3 lobes to the lower lip, the inner with 2 lobes. 

 Achenes 5-nerved, columnar or fusiform. Pappus of numerous soft hair-like 

 bristles. [In honor of J. A. C. Chaptal, 1756-1831, French chemist and 

 statesman.] About 25 species^ natives of warm-temperate and tropical 

 America. Type species: Chaptalia tomentosa Vent. 



1. Chaptalia dentata (L.) Cas?. Diet. Sci. Nat. 26: 104. 1823. 



Tussilago dentata L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1213. 1763. 



TussUago alhicans Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1348. 1806. 



Chaptalia albicans Northrop, Mem. Torr. Club 12: 73. 1902. 



Leaves oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 2-20 cm. long, repand-dentate 

 or entire, obtuse or acute at the apex, long-attenuate at the base, loosely 

 floccose or becoming glabrous and bright green above, densely white-felted or 

 grayish-felted beneath, the petioles very short or sometimes as long as the 

 blades; scape slender, more or less floccose, 1-3 dm. tall; head not nodding; 

 involucre 13-22 mm. high, its linear bracts floccose, acuminate, the outer 

 much shorter than the inner; flowers white (?); achenes glabrous or pubes- 

 cent, the body 5-6 mm. long, the filiform beak longer; pappus straw-color, 

 8-10 mm. long. 



Grassy places, pine-lands and coppices. Great Bahama, Abaco, Andros, New 

 Providence :— Florida : Cuba ; Hispaniola ; Porto Rico ; Jamaica. Recorded as C. 

 nutans Hemsl. by Hitchcock. Low Chaptalia. 



[Artemisia vulgaris L. is reported by Herrick as growing on Green Turtle Cay, 

 Abaco : we have not succeeded in finding the species within the archipelago ; this 

 European species would probably not long endure the Bahama climate.] 



Class 2. GYMNOSPERMAE. 



Ovules (macrosporanges) naked, not enclosed in an ovary, this 

 represented by a scale or apparently wanting. Pollen-grains (mi- 

 crospores) dividing at maturity into two or more cells, one of 

 which, gives rise to the pollen-tube (male prothallium), which di- 

 rectly fertilizes an archegone of the nutritive endosperm (female 

 prothallium) in the ovule. 



The GjTiinosperms are an ancient group, first known in Silurian 

 time. The}^ became most numerous in the Triassic age. They are 

 now represented by not more than 450 species of trees and shrubs. 



There are three orders. Finales, Cycadales and Gnetales, the two 

 first represented in the Bahama Flora. 



Leaves scale-like, linear or needle-like. , Order 1. Pinales. 



Leaves large, pinnate, in a terminal crown. Order 2. Cycadales. 



Order 1. PINALES. 



Trees, or rarely shrubs, growing from both terminal and lateral buds, 

 thus freely branching, the trunks mostly excurrent. Leaves scale-like, 

 linear or needle-like, sometimes fascicled. Flowers mostly monoecious. 

 Fruit a cone, with woody or fleshy scales, or drupaceous. 



