DRUGS. 



Remarks. Mentioned by Moses, Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dios- 

 corides, and Pliny, being the Kopiawov and Kopiov of the Greeks. See also 

 "Condiments and Spices." 



Cuminum Cyminum. Linn. Common Cumin. 



Linn. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 



The fruit, Cumin seed. 



Vernacular. Jeruka, Ajaji, Sans. Jeera, Zira, Hind., Beng. Jee- 

 raff a, Can. Siragum, Tarn. Gilakara, Tel. Dooroo, Cey. 

 Kimoon, Arab. Jintan y Malaya. 



Habitat. Upper Egypt, Ethiopia. Widely cultivated. 



Remarks. Commonly called Suffaid-zeerah. Ainslie mentions a variety, 

 the synonymes of which are Shazira, Dec. Nutsirayum, Tarn. Coomunie- 

 siah, Arab. This variety is therefore probably the Carum nigrum of 

 Royle. Cumin seed is mentioned by Isaiah, Hippocrates, Dioscorides, and 

 Pliny, the plant being the KVJJUVOV fjp.fpov and aiOioirutov (Hip.) of the Greeks, 

 and Cuminum of the Romans. 



Dorema Ammoniacum. Don. 



Ferula orientalis. W. Eastern Giant Fennel. 



Linn. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 



The gum-resin, Ammoniacum, Gum-ammoniac. 



Vernacular. Oshak, Arab. Semug-te-ratees, Semug-bil-shereen, Pers. 



Habitat. 1). Ammoniacum, Irak ; F. orientalis, Morocco. 



Remarks. The dp.p.(ovia<ov of Hippocrates and Dioscorides and the Ham- 

 moniacum of Pliny was derived from the Morocco plant, the Metopion of 

 the last writer. It yields the " African Ammoniac " of modern commerce, 

 the Fasogh or Feshook of the Arabs of Northern Africa. Persian 

 Ammoniac was apparently unknown to the ancients. This gum-resin, like 

 the Sal-ammoniac of the ancients, took its name from iippos, sand, as 

 did the temple of Jupiter Ammon, in the neighbourhood of which in 

 Lybian sands both were produced. See also " Gums and llesins." 



Ferula persica. (?) W. 



Linn. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 



The gum-resin, Sagapenum. 



Vernacular. Kundel, Hind. Eesus ! By. Sugbeenvj, Arab. Saga- 

 fioon, Pers. 



Habitat. Persia. 



Remarks. The o-aytmrjvov of Hippocrates and the Greeks, and the 

 Sacopenium of Pliny. We know nothing positive of the botanical source 

 of the article. See " Gums and Resins." 

 40 



