DRUGS. 



N. O. 8. BERBERIDACE^E. BERBERIDS. 



Herberts Iiycium. Royle. Ophthalmic Barberry. 

 Berberis aristata. De C. Nepaul Barberry. 



Linn. Sytt. Hexandi'ia Monogynia. 



The extract of the bark, and root, and the wood. 



Vernacular. B. Lycilim, Kushmul, Himalayas. B. aristata, 



Chitra, Himalayas. Ambarbarees, Aarghees, Arab. Zirishk, Pers. 

 The wood, Dar-huld, Dar-chob, Pers. The extract, Rusot, Hind. 

 Hoosiz-hindee, Arab. 



Habitat. The Himalayas. 



Remarks. Rusot is the AVKIOI/ Iv8i<bv of Dioscorides. In the Ulfae 

 TJdwiyehy Utrar and Unjeebar-roamec are given as Arab synonymes for 

 Barberries. Chitra and Lal-chitra are respectively Sanscrit and Bengal 

 names for Plumbago rosea. 



N. O. 11. NELUMBIACEJE. WATERBEANS. 

 Nelumbium speciosuxn. Will. Egyptian Lotus. 



Linn. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. 



The seed, Pythagorean bean, Coptic bean. 



Vernacular. Kamala, Pudma, Sans. Kummal, Pudum, Ambuj, 

 Kungwel, Lal-Jtummul y Hind. Pudmapodoo, Komol, Ponghuj, 

 Beng. Neelofir, Sindh. Kungwel, Kungevelka, Dec. Tawmaray, 

 Tarn. Yerra-tamaray, Tellani pudmam, Tel. Tamara> Bem- 

 tamara, Mai. Nelun, Cey. BaJdakoobtee, Neelufir ? Pers. 



Habitat. India, Persia, Ceylon, Siam, Cochin-China, the Philip- 

 pines, and Moluccas (except Amboyna), China, Japan. 



Remarks. The flower is the Lotus of the ancient monuments of 

 Egypt and India. It is now extinct in Egypt. It is strange that the 

 ancient books of the Hindoos, according to Wilford (Asiat. Res. Vol. III. 

 No. XIII.), place the source of the White Nile in the Padmawan or Sacred- 

 lily Lake, and that Speke should have found the Nyanza so covered with 

 Water-lilies that one might walk across it on their leaves. This Lotus 

 must be distinguished from two other plants of the same name known 

 to the ancients, viz. the herb MeHlotus officinalis ; and the Lotus of 

 the Lotophagi, by some thought to be the fruit of Zizyphus Lotus 

 (DesfontainesJ, allied to the Bair or Boree of India, and by Munby 

 with greater reason, that of Nitraria tridentata. Pliny says the Lotus 

 of the Lotophagi is the "Celtis" (Celtis australis, Linn.) "which has 

 been naturalized in Italy," but he is wrong, as proved by Fee. Sprengel 

 also, probably misled by Pliny, refers the Xwros- of Theophrastus (not his 

 cuyuTjrio?) to C. australis, for six trees of which with the estate on 

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