DRUGS. 



Vernacular. Naydownc, Hind. Davanamu, Tel. Artcmasaya y Vt- 

 meesa, Arab. Birunjasif, Pers. 



Habitat. Europe, Persia? 



Remarks. Nagdown is the name also of Crinum tozicarium, and Aspara- 

 gus officinalis (Linn.), N. O. Liliacese. 



Aucklandia Costus. Falc. 

 The root, Costus. 



Linn. Syst. 



Vernacular. Koostum, Koot, Sans. Koost, Putchuk, Hind. Koostum, 

 Kostum, Tarn. Kust-hindee, Arab. Kust-tulk, Pers. Sepudday, 

 Malay. 



Habitat. Cashmere, at great elevations. 



Remarks. Dr. Falconer has satisfactorily identified the Costus of the 

 ancients with the above plant. Its roots have a strong aromatic odour) 

 and are used as incense in the temples of the gods, and to protect the 

 exquisite shawls of Cashmere from the attacks of moths, being packed up 

 with them in the bales. Pliny states that " in the island of Patale, situate 

 at the very mouth of the Indus, there are two kinds of Costus found, the 

 black and the white : the last is considered the best." Dioscorides enume- 

 rates three kinds of Costus (KOO-TOS) ; Arabian (KOCTTOS apapiicbs) white, best of 

 all ; Indian (KOO-TOS IvSiKos), dark ; and Syrian (/coWoy crvpiaKos) pale yellow. 



Royle observes that Orris-root (beg-bunupshu) is often sold in the 

 bazars under the name of Koost. The Kalikootki of the bazars is the 

 Helleborus niger already catalogued. 



Formerly Costus arabicus (Linn.) and Costus speciosus, N. O. Zingi- 

 beracese, were considered the sources of true Costus, but it is now well 

 known that their roots are quite insipid; and scentless. See also 

 " Miscellaneous " Class. 



Cacalia Kleinia. W. Oleander-leaved Cacalia. 



Linn. Sj/st. Syngenesia, Polygamia-requalis. 



The herb. 



Vernacular. Erminakullie, Tarn. Tennapootoo-naliksh-jemmoodoo f 

 Tel. Lisan-ulasur, Arab. Gaozuban, Pers. 



Habitat. Canaries. India ? 



Remarks. First mentioned by Clusius. All Indian authorities refer 

 Gaozuban to the above plant, but the Gaozuban of the bazars is also 

 derived from Anisomeles malabarica, Labiatse ; Trichodesma indicum t 

 Chota-kulpha, Heliotropium erosum, and H. ophioglossa, Boraginaceai 

 (Stocks) ; and Onosma bracteatum, with Bugloozun (Bugloss), and Fooy- 

 hulus as the Greek synonymes, Scrophulariacese (Royle). 

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