DRUGS. 



Remarks. The seeds of these plants and those of D. Tatula, of South 

 Europe, were probably used by the priests of Delphi and other ancient 

 oracles to produce prophecies. The seeds of I). sanyuinea (Floripondio) 

 are to this day so used in the Temple of the Sun, in the city of Sagomozo 

 in Peru (Lindley). In Avicenna Jowz mazel stands for D. Metel, 

 according to Sprengel. D. Hummatu is first well described by Vesling. 

 See "Narcotics." 



Hyoscyamus niger. Linn. Common Henbane. 



Linn. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 



The seed, Faba porcina, Faba suilla. 



Vernacular. Khorassanee ajwan. Hind. Khorassanie omum, Tarn. 

 Showhran, Arab. Sapht, Egypt. Bunj, Buzir-ul-bung, Tokhem- 

 bung-roomee, Pers. 



Habitat. Temperate Europe. Cultivated at Hewra on account of 

 Government. 



Remarks. The voa-Kva^os ^f\as of Dioscorides and Hyoscyamus niger 

 of Pliny. The voovcva/ios of Hippocrates refers to the White Henbane of 

 Europe. 



Mandragora officinalis. W. Officinal Mandrake. 



Linn. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 



The root. 



Vernacular. Luckmuna, Luckmunie, Hind. Yebruj, Beng. and By. 

 Caat-jootie, Tarn. Ustrung, Serag-al-coshrob y Ussul-ul-loofah 

 (root), Loofah (plant), Tufah-ul-shitan (fruit), Arab. Yabrooz, 

 Merdumgeeah, Pers. Loofahat, Malaya. . ' 



Habitat. South of Europe ; Asia Minor. 



Remarks. According to Sprengel the pavdpayopa of Hippocrates 

 and p.av8pay6pas of Theophrastus, which Fraas however refers to 

 Belladonna. It is certainly the pavdpayopas p.f\as of Dioscorides and 

 Mandragora of Pliny, and it is generally allowed to be the Dudaim of the 

 Bible, Gen. xxx., Ter. 14. The word mandrakes in this passage the Sept- 

 uagint renders /x^Xa /xai/Spayopwi/, but according to Calmet the Jews do not 

 understand its true signification. He would translate it *' citrons," while 

 others, he states, have suggested "violets," "lilies," "jasmines," and 

 " plantains ;" the last also being considered by the Arabs the " Apple of 

 Eve," and the " fig-tree," with the leaves of which both Adam and Eve 

 covered themselves on their fall. Taking the story of Rachel and Leah, . 

 however, in connection with the immemorial use of mandrake in the east 

 by lovers as an incantation, the fruit being the "Love Apples" of the 

 ancients, and the Hebrew root, Dod y of the word Dudaim signifying love, 

 there can be no doubt of the identification followed in this catalogue. 

 Mathiolus (says Calmet) tells us that " what has given occasion to man- 

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