FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 



HaUtat. Concans, Malabar, Travancore, Coromandel, Nepaul. 

 Remarks. First described by Van Ilheede. 



Vanguieria spinosa. Hort. Prickly Vanguieria. 



Linn. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 



The fruit, used as a fruit. 



Vernacular. Pindeetuka, Sans. Muyuana, Muduna, Moina, Hind. 

 Beng. Mainfuly Beng. Aloo, By. Voa-vanguier, Madagascar. 



Habitat. Madagascar ; Western India. % 



Remarks. Largely consumed by the labourers on the railway works 

 in the hot season. The fruit of Morinda citrifolia, the Aal of this 

 Presidency, is eaten in Australia, but is unfit for use here. Coprosma 

 microphylla of this order is one of the plants called Native Currants in 

 Australia. See N. O. 132 and 190. Under N. O. 1 1 7, Valerianacese, we 

 have Fedia cornucopia, Red Tedia of South Europe, and Valeriana 

 edulis, Kooyah of North America, both deserving introduction. 



N. O. 120. COMPOSITE. COMPOSITES. 

 Carthamus tinctoriUS. W. Officinal Carthamus. 



Linn. Sytt. Syngenesia JEqualis. 



The herb, used as a vegetable. 



Vernacular. Cusumbha, Kamalottara, Sans. Koosumbha, Beng. 

 Hind. Tel. Dec. Kajeerah, Beng. * Koosum> Hind. Seendoor- 

 kum, Tarn. Cossumb, Cey. Usfur, Arab. 



Habitat. Egypt. Widely cultivated in India. 



Remarks. The KVTJKOS of Hippocrates, Theophrastus, and Dioscorides. 

 Safflower is cultivated in India chiefly for it* ffower and its seed. See 

 " Oils and Oilseeds' 5 and " Dves and Tans." 



Cynara Scolymus. W. Garden Artichoke, 



Linn. Sytt. Syngenesia jEqualis. 



The immature flower head, and'bqttom (receptacle), used as a vege- 

 table. 



Vernacular. Kunjir, Hind. Pers. Kharchiof, Hirshuf, Arab, 

 Charsjuf, Egypt. 



Habitat. South Europe. Widely cultivated. 

 Remarks. The o-KoAv/ior of Dioscorides, Fraas conjectures. 

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