NARCOTICS. 



N. O. 140. ASCLEPI ADAGES. Calotropis giflaniea; yields the 

 Bar of the Western Ghats, and the " Giya" of the Africans 

 (Barth) (v. infra). Sarcostemma brevistigma, yields the Soma 

 of the Vedas (v. infra.) 



N. O. 151. CONVOLVULACE^. Batatas edutis, yields the Yintro 

 da Batatas of Brazil. 



N. O. 157. SOLANACE^. Solanum tuberosum, used in Europe in 

 the preparation of Brandies. 



N. O. 195. EUPHORBIACE.E. Mani/iot ntilissima, used in the 

 preparation of the Piivorree, or Ouycon of Guyana, Mastito of 

 Mexico, and Aipy and Kaviaraku of Brazil. Piworree is prepared 

 similarly to Maize, and Algaroba (i. - e. Prosopis Algaroba) Chiea, 

 and Ava. A portion is chewed, spat into a bowl, mixed with 

 water, allowed to ferment, and drunk. 



N. O. 199. URTICACE^. *Ficus Carica, yields the Mahay ah of 

 Morocco. 



N. O. 207. PIPEUACE^E. Macropiper methysticum, used in pre- 

 paring the Ava of the South Seas. 



N. O. 211. BETULACE^E. Betula alba, and B. alutinosa, afford, 

 the " Birch wine" of Norway. 



N. O. 220. CONIFERS, Abies c-anadensis, and A. nigra, used in' 

 the preparation of " Spruce beer" Species of fir are also used in 

 the preparation of the Mum of Brunswick. 



N. O. 242. LILIACE.E. Agave americana, yields the Pulque, Octli, 

 or Agava wine of Mexico. Draccena terminalis (Cordyline 2V), 

 yields the Twer a of the Sandwich Isles. 



N. 0. 251. PALM^E. Borassus flabelliformis ; Caryota urens ; Cocos 

 butyracea, New Granada, and Venezuela ; Cocos nucifera, East 

 Indies ; Elais guineensis, Africa, and tropical America ; Mauritia 

 vinifera, Brazil; Nipa fruticans, Eastern A rehipelago ; Phoenix 

 dactylifera, and P. sylvestris ; Raphia vtnifei'a, West Coast of 

 Africa ; Arenga saccharifer, Eastern Archipelago ; sEnocarpus Ba- 

 caba, M. Batava, andy^. disticha of the Amazons ; from which the 

 various Palm wines and Spirits of the tropics are prepared, among 

 which may be named the Arrak of Goa, Milaffo of Congo, Cha 

 of China, 'Tari, Sinday, and Toddy of India, Saura of Nicobar, 

 Tuba of Manilla, and Saowire of Celebes. 



N. O. 266. GRAMTNACE^E. Avena sativa, used in the preparation 

 of the Braga of Russia, Schara of the Calmucks, and other malt 

 liquors, and corn spirits. Eleusine coracana, used in the preparation 

 of the Boyah of the Deccan (Ainslie), and Murwa of Nepaul. 

 Hordeum sps., used in Europe in the preparation of Ale, Beer, and 

 Porter. Poa abyssinica t the Tejfof Abyssinia, similarly used in 

 that country. Oryza sativa, yields the Arrak of Batavia, Mandrin 

 204 



