SUGARS. 



Phoenix sylvestris. Rox. Wood, Date Palm. 



Linn. Syst. Dicecia Triandria. 



The Sugar prepared from the sap. 



Vernacular. Khurjjooree, Sans. Sendhi, Kajar, Hind. Eetchum- 

 pannay, Tarn. Beta, Tel. 



Habitat. East Indies. 



Remarks. This is said to be the largest sugar producer of all the 

 Palms ; the sugar of Palms, or Jaggery, as it is called in India, being pre- 

 pared by boiling down the sap. Phoenix dactylifera, Linn, is said also 

 to yield sugar. The other sacchariferous Palms are Arenga sacchari/era, 

 Labill. of the Eastern Archipelago, and Nipa fruticans, Thunb. of the 

 shores of the Indian Ocean. 



N. O. 266. GRAMINACE^E. GRASSES. 

 Saccharum Officinarum. Linn. Common Sugar-Cane. 



Linn. Syst. Triandria Digynia. 



The prepared juice, Sugar. 



Vernacular. The plant, Ikshu, Pundru, Rusala, Sans. Ik, Akh, 

 Ookh, Ukyo, Beng. Ganna, Khulooa, Kajooli, Ich, Uch, Hind. 

 Oos, Dec. Karimba, Mai. Karoomboo, Tarn. Cherukoo-bodi, 

 Cherukoobuboo, Tel. Kusseb-us-sookir, Arab. Nie-shukhir, Pers. 

 Tabu, Malaya. Tuvo, Borneo. Tau, Floris. Tonga. To, Tahiti, 

 Marquesas. Ko, Sandwich Isles. Jaggary, Ghudham, Gura, 

 Guda, Sans. Goor, Dec. FeZ/ww?, Tarn. Kund, Arab. Sugar, 

 Sakkara, Sans. Chenee, Hind. Shukhir, Dec. Sukkarei, Tarn. 

 Panchadara, Tel. Shukhir, Pers. Arab. Tub-ir-zud (Sugar- 

 Candy), Arab. Gula, Sakara, Kara, Gandis, Java. 

 Habitat. Cultivated in both Indies. 



Remarks. Four varieties of Common Sugar-Cane are recognised by 

 Kunth, viz. : 



a. commune. Poori, Beng. ; and Creole, or Native Cane of 



West Indies. 



/3. purpureum. Kajooli, Beng. 

 y. giganteum. Kullooa, Beng. 

 8. tahitense. Otaheite Cane. 

 Two other species are also admitted, viz. : 



S. violaceum, Tussac, said to be identical with the Otaheite cane. 

 S. sinense. Rox. Cultivated in China. 



Cane-sugar cannot be proved to have been known to the ancients. Accord- 

 ing to Sprengel the cane is first mentioned by Abulfaidil, and sugar by 

 Moses Chorenensis. The Venetians imported Indian sugar by way of the 

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