SUGARS. 



Red Sea into Europe prior to A.D. 1 148, and the plant was probably intro- 

 duced into Rhodes, Crete, Cyprus, and Sicily by the Saracens. In the 

 15th century it was introduced to the Canaries by the Spaniards, and to 

 Madeira by the Portuguese, whence it was carried to the West Indies and 

 Brazils. The manufacture of sugar in the new world commenced during 

 the 1 7th century. 



Cane-sugar may be crystallized or amorphous. White-, Brown-, and 

 Pink- or Rose-Candy : and White, and Brown Sugar are examples of the 

 first, and Barley-sugar of the second. Muscovado, or Raw-sugar, is a 

 mixture of crystalline and amorphous sugar. Molasses (from mel, honey) 

 is the drainings of Muscovado ; Treacle (Theriaca, Fcex Sacckari, Pharm., 

 Loud.) "is the viscid, dark brown, uncrystallizable syrup which drains 

 from refined sugar in the sugar moulds ;" Caramel is burnt sugar, and an 

 article well known to Parsee Wine -dealers. 



Andropogon saccharatus, Rox. (Sorghum saccharatum, Pers. Holcus 

 saccharatus, Linn, and perhaps Andropogon caffrorum, Kunth), is the 

 " Broom corn" of America, and Sorgho-sucre of the French. It is simply 

 the Shaloo of the Deccan, and Deodhan of Hindoostan, but has become 

 very valuable in other countries as a source of sugar. A cane called 

 Imphee has been experimentally cultivated with indifferent success in 

 Western India for some years past on account of the sugar which it yields, 

 and it is said to be Andropogon saccharatus, Rox. The plant known 

 at the Cape of Good Hope as Imphee, has not however a black grain, 

 like the so-called Imphee cultivated in this government ; and I believe 

 this so-called Imphee not to be the plant of the Caffres, but that intro- 

 duced into England from China. This may account for the indifferent 

 success of its cultivation here, for prima facie a Cape variety of a sugar 

 yielding Andropogon, would be more likely to bear out its local reputation 

 in Western India than a Chinese, for both the Chinese and Cape plants 

 are probably but varieties of Roxburgh's plant. .The " Maple Sugar" 

 of North America is prepared from the juice of Acer saccharinum, W. 

 A* dasycarpum, W. and other species, N. O. 47. Aceracese. "Beet- 

 root Sugar" is prepared from Beta vulgaris, W., and ( ? ) B. Cicla, W. 

 N. O. 171. Chenopodiacese. Sambucus nigra,^N. The Common Elder, 

 N. O. 114. Caprifoliacese, yields a sugar, but at present of no economic 

 value. Sugar is also now prepared from Potatoes, and might be theo- 

 retically from any starchy vegetable. Honey is essentially a vegetable 

 sugar, but will be catalogued under animal products. 



The following is a list of the Sweet-meats (Meethayee) sold in the 

 Bazar of Bombay : 



MORE OR LESS CIRCULAR IN SHAPE. 



Jelabee. Sugar, ghee, and wheat-flour, mixed, melted, and formed into 

 an irregular webb, by being poured out of a spoon having a hole at 

 the bottom, and moved in a circular way. 



Sutur-phunee, or Tar-phunee. The same constituents, mixed, melted, 

 drawn into fine filaments, and felted, as it were, together. 

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