GUMS AND GUM -RESINS. 



Shorea robusta. Gcert. 

 Shorea Tumbugaia. Rox. 



Linn. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. 



Vernacular. S. robusta, Safa, Ushwufairniha, Sans. Sa/ t Beng. 

 Hind. Saj, Beug. (Arab, by Ainslie). Eing-yyeen, Burmah. 

 S. Tumbugaia, Tambuyai, Tarn. 



Habitat. S. robusta Hindoostan, S. Tumbuyaia Palghat. 



Remarks. The resin of these trees (the latter is the Vatica Tumbugaia 

 of W. et A.) constitutes one of the kinds of DAMMAR met with in India. 

 It is amber-coloured like the resin (PINEY DAMMAR, WHITE DAMMAR 

 OF MALABAR, INDIAN COPAL, (Indian) GUM ANIME) of Valeria 

 indica of the present order, but very brittle instead of very tough, as the 

 latter. WHITE DAMMAR of Singapore is the product of Dammar a 

 orientate, N, O. 220. Pinaceee, D. australis being the source of COWDIE 



Or KAURIE GUM, AUSTRALIAN DAMMAR, AUSTRALIAN COPAL of New 



Zealand. BLACK DAMMAR OF MALABAR is obtained from Canarium 

 strictum, N. O- 72, below. RAL and DHOONA are given in books as 

 Indian names of the resin of S. robusta, but Ral is a common name for all 

 resin-like substances, and the Ral imported from the Punjab is not 

 similar to the DAMMAR of Shorea robusta. The term Dammar is in 

 Bombay also applied to PITCH. 



Valeria indica. Gcert . 



Linn. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. 



Vernacular. Peinimarum, Vella-Jwodricum, Mai. Velli-Jwondricum, 

 Koondricum, Tarn. Dupadamara, Tel. 



Habitat. Malabar, Travancore. 



Remarks. This is the Elceocarpus copaliferus of Retz, Pance of 

 Rheede (Hort. Mai. iv. t. 15), and Chloroxylon Dupada of Buchanan. 

 The resin, when recent and soft, is called PINEY VARNISH ; when hardened, 

 INDIAN COPAL, (Indian) GUM ANIME, and PINEY DAMMAR. For true 

 Copal and Gum Anime, see below "N. Os. 71 and 74." The information 

 in regard to Indian Dammars is very confused, and hence above I have 

 avoided all synonymes but such as appear undoubted. What is known as 

 the Piney-tree is the Calophyllum anyustifolium, N. O. 42. Guttiferse, of 

 botanists. Valeria lancecefolia, Rox. the Moal of Silhet " exudes a clear 

 liquid, which soon hardens into a very pure amber-coloured resin, from 

 which the natives obtain, by distillation, a dark-coloured, thick, strong- 

 smelling balsam, called chooa or chova, by the people who sell it ; and 

 Goond by the Brahmins, who use it in their religious ceremonies and 

 temples/' Vatica laccifera, W. et A. (Shorea Talura, Rox.) of the 

 Deccan, has already been referred to under N. O. 4. 

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