OILS AND OIL SEEDS. 



Remarks. The kernel of the fruit is abundantly oleiferous, and the 

 tree is called Wild Olive y by Anglo-Indians. 



Jatropha Curcas. W. Angular-leaved Physic Nut. 



Linn. Syst. Moncecia Monadelphia. 



Vernacular. Kanana-kerundum, Nepala, Sans. Bag-bherenda, Hind. 

 Beng. Erundi, Dec. Caak-avenako, Mai. Mara-narulle, Can. 

 Caar-?ioochie, Caat-amunak, Tarn. Nepalam, Adivieamida t Tel. 

 Rat&ndaroo, Cey. 



Habitat. South America. Naturalized in America. 



Remarks. First mentioned by Monardes. The oil from the seeds is 

 largely used in India for lamps, and is the Seed oil of European commerce. 

 None, I believe, is exported from India. One of the Chinese varnishes is pre- 

 pared by boiling this oil with oxide of iron. The seeds of Jatropha glauca, 

 Vahl. (J. glandulifera, Rox.) are said to yield the Addale oil of Madras. 

 The plant is found in this Presidency about Punderpore. It must not 

 be confounded with J. gossypifolia, W. Cotton-leaved Physic Nut of 

 Brazil, a plant very common in the gardens of the Island of Bombay. 

 The Croton oil of medicine is obtained from the seeds of Croton 

 Tifflium, W. and other species of Croton. The seeds of Hura crepitans t 

 the Sand-box tree of the West Indies, are oleaginous. Stillingia 

 sebifera is the Tallow-tree of China, its peculiar oil being expressed 

 from the kernel. The seeds also of Elceococca vernicia of China, and of 

 E. verrucosa of Japan, are oil bearing. Under N. O. 199, Urticacese, 

 the seeds of Cannabis sativa, W. Common Hemp, already twice detailed, 

 yield oil, largely consumed in Russia for lamps ; but which I am not 

 aware of being economized in India. Oil of Hops is obtained by submit- 

 ting the Lupuliuic glands found at the base of the scales of the strobilus 

 oiHumulus Lupulus, Linn, to distillation. Under N. O. 207. Piperacese, 

 volatile oils are obtained from the berries of Piper niarum, Linn. Cubeba 

 officinalis, Mig. and the immature fruit ofChavica roxburghii, Mig. or Long 

 Pepper. Under N. O. 208. Myricacese, Myrtle Wax, is obtained in abun- 

 dance from the berries of Myrica cerifera, the Common Candle-berry tree 

 of North America, and other species. Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Hazel 

 (Corylus Avellana) nuts, N. O. 212. Corvlacese, and Walnuts (Juglans 

 regia}, N. O. 215, Juglandaceee, yield oil, the product of the two last be- 

 ing the Nut oil of commerce. The Coniferous (N. O. 220) oleo-resins, 

 have been referred to under "Gums and Resins." Under N. O. 233, Zingi- 

 beracese, both a fixed and a volatile oil are obtained from Cardamom seeds 

 (Elettaria Cardamomum, Maton.) Volatile oil of Ginger is obtained from 

 the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, Roscoe. Saffron (Crocus sativus, 

 Allioni, N. O. 236. Iridacese) also yields a volatile oil by distillation 

 with water. Oil of Garlic (Allium sativum, N. O. 242. Liliaceee) is 

 prepared in India for medicinal use by expression. 



289 KK 



