DYES. 



Erythrodanum and Rubia(?)ofthe "Romans, and Warentia of the Capitularies 

 of Charlemagne. Garancine is a French dye prepared from Madder with 

 sulphuric acicl. " Rubia angustissima of Tong Dong has also highly 

 coloured roots, and Rubia Relboun is the madder of Chili." (Lindley.) Sir 

 John Franklin (feste Simmonds) states that the Crees obtain a red dye 

 from the roots of Galium boreale t and G. tinctoriiim. 



N. O. 120. COMPOSITE. COMPOSITES. 

 Carthamus tinctorius. W. Officinal Carthamus. 



Linn Syxt. Syngenesia Squalls. 



The flowers, Safllower. 



Vernacular. Cusumba, Kamalottara, Sans. Koosifmbha, Beng, 

 Hind. Tel. Dec. Kajeerah, Beng. Koosum, Hind. Sfendoor/nim. 

 Tarn. Cossumb, Cey. Usfur, Aral). 



Habitat. Egypt. Widely cultivated in India. 



Remarks. The KVTJKOS of the Greeks. Bastard Saffron is prepared from 

 this dye, and Pink Saucers, Spanish Wool, Crepon rouge, and other kinds, 

 of Kouge. See " Oils and Oil Seeds." The flowers of Calendula officinalis 

 W. Common Mary gold (Caltha of Romans) of this order are also used 

 to adulterate Saffron ; and Serratula tinctoria, W. Common Saivwort of 

 Britain, yields a yellow, and the leaves of Chicorium Infybus, Linn. Wild 

 Succory of Europe and Asia, a blue dye, similar to Woad. Madia satica 

 is used in Russia as a dye stuff. Under N. O. 126. Styraceoe, the bark 

 of Symplocos racemosa, Box. is said to be used as a dye in Bengal under 

 the name of Lodh, but is probably simply a mordant as suggested by 

 Roxburgh. S. tinctoria is used for dyeing in Carolina. Under N. O. 133. 

 Ebenacece, the wood of species of Diospyros is sometimes used for dyeing. 



N. O. 137. JASMLNACE.E. JASMINWORTS. 

 Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis, Linn. Square-stalked Nyctanthes. 



Linn. Syst. Dinndria Monogynia. 



The tube of the flowers. 



Vernacular. Shephalika, Sans. Beng. Singahar, Shiooli, Beng. 

 Uursinyhar, Hind. Paharbuttee, By. Mimja-pumerum y Mai. 

 Pagala-mully, Tarn. Shephalika, Sepala, Cey. 

 Habitat. East Indies. 



Remarks. First described by Garcins ah Orlo. Under N. O. 140. 

 Asclepiadacere, Gymnema tinyem of Pegu, and Marsdenia tinctoria of 

 Sumatra yield blue dyes. 

 300 



