38 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 



Ostrya (Mich.) Scop. Hop Hornbeam. 



virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch. American Hop Hornbeam. 



In rich dry woods. 



Carpinus (Tourn.) L. Hornbeam. Ironwood. 

 caroliniana Walt. American Hornbeam. 



In rich woods, common. 



Betula (Tourn.) L. Birch. 



lenta L. Black Birch. In rich woods, common. 



lutea Michx. f. Yellow Birch. 



In moist woods and swamps. 

 nigra L. Red Birch. 



Fitchburg. Mr. E. A. Hartwell. 

 populifolia Marsh. Gray Birch. 



In moist or dry soil, very common. 

 alba L., var. papyrifera (Marsh) Spach. Paper Birch. 



In rich woods, common northward. 



Alnus (Tourn.) Hill. Alder. 



incana (L.) Moench. Speckled Alder. 



In wet soil, common. 

 nigosa (DuRoi) Spreng. Smooth Alder. 



In wet soil, not as common as the preceding. 



FAGACE^E (BEECH FAMILY). 



Fagus (Tourn.) L. Beech. 



grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech. 



In rich woods, common. 



Castanea (Tourn.) Hill. Chestnut. 



dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. 



In rich soil, very common. 



